Abstract
Ageing is characterized by alterations in brain anatomy and physiology, finally contributing to an impairment in cognitive functions, such as memory. The most relevant observations indicate that senescent-related cognitive decline is not only due to neuronal loss, instead, functional changes occurring over time play a key role. Overall, these modifications are indeed responsible for an altered interneuronal communication that can represent, rather than morphological modifications, the primum movens leading to cognitive decline. Among the age-induced changes underlying alterations in neuronal communication and synaptic plasticity, those related to neurotransmitter/neurotrophin systems and downstream signalling pathways are of great relevance. In particular, considering that protein kinases play a strategic role aimed to convert the extracellular signals into biological responses, functional alterations on kinases may directly contribute to age-dependent neuronal dysfunctions. Within this context, numerous studies point out on several kinases as positive regulators for memory function and suggest that various memory disturbances are the result of a deficit in kinase signalling pathways. Many kinases associated with synaptic function are indeed age-sensitive; in fact, various studies in senescent animals indicate that a reduction in kinases expression/function in some brain areas correlates with ageing and memory decline. In line with these concepts, pharmacological modulation of kinases may lead to neuroprotective effects that can prevent or counteract age-related memory impairment. This review will mainly focus on the age-induced changes on Protein Kinase C (PKC), Protein Kinase A (PKA), Calcium/calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase (CaMK), Tyrosine Kinase, widely accepted as key actors in signalling pathways associated with memory.
Keywords: Aging, Protein Kinase C, Protein Kinase A, CaM Kinase, Tyrosine Kinase, ELAV, Memory
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Senescence of the Brain: Focus on Cognitive Kinases
Volume: 16 Issue: 6
Author(s): S. Govoni, M. Amadio, F. Battaini and A. Pascale
Affiliation:
Keywords: Aging, Protein Kinase C, Protein Kinase A, CaM Kinase, Tyrosine Kinase, ELAV, Memory
Abstract: Ageing is characterized by alterations in brain anatomy and physiology, finally contributing to an impairment in cognitive functions, such as memory. The most relevant observations indicate that senescent-related cognitive decline is not only due to neuronal loss, instead, functional changes occurring over time play a key role. Overall, these modifications are indeed responsible for an altered interneuronal communication that can represent, rather than morphological modifications, the primum movens leading to cognitive decline. Among the age-induced changes underlying alterations in neuronal communication and synaptic plasticity, those related to neurotransmitter/neurotrophin systems and downstream signalling pathways are of great relevance. In particular, considering that protein kinases play a strategic role aimed to convert the extracellular signals into biological responses, functional alterations on kinases may directly contribute to age-dependent neuronal dysfunctions. Within this context, numerous studies point out on several kinases as positive regulators for memory function and suggest that various memory disturbances are the result of a deficit in kinase signalling pathways. Many kinases associated with synaptic function are indeed age-sensitive; in fact, various studies in senescent animals indicate that a reduction in kinases expression/function in some brain areas correlates with ageing and memory decline. In line with these concepts, pharmacological modulation of kinases may lead to neuroprotective effects that can prevent or counteract age-related memory impairment. This review will mainly focus on the age-induced changes on Protein Kinase C (PKC), Protein Kinase A (PKA), Calcium/calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase (CaMK), Tyrosine Kinase, widely accepted as key actors in signalling pathways associated with memory.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Govoni S., Amadio M., Battaini F. and Pascale A., Senescence of the Brain: Focus on Cognitive Kinases, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2010; 16 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161210790883732
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161210790883732 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Targeting of Antioxidant and Anti-Thrombotic Drugs to Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecules
Current Pharmaceutical Design Neuroprotective Therapies for Alzheimers Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Addressing Alzheimer’s Disease and Cognitive Loss through Autophagy
Current Neurovascular Research The Therapeutic Role of Taurine in Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury
Current Pharmaceutical Design Effects of a Long-Term Treatment with an Antioxidant Pyridoindole on Vascular Responsiveness in Diabetes-Induced Aging Rats
Current Aging Science Role of Tyrosine Isomers in Acute and Chronic Diseases Leading to Oxidative Stress - A Review
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Impact of IL-17 in Atherosclerosis
Current Medicinal Chemistry Signaling Epicenters: The Role of Caveolae and Caveolins in Volatile Anesthetic Induced Cardiac Protection
Current Pharmaceutical Design Beneficial Effects of Sildenafil on Tissue Perfusion and Inflammation in a Murine Model of Limb Ischemia and Atherosclerosis
Current Vascular Pharmacology Role of Statins in Peri-Operative Medicine
Current Drug Targets Hepatoprotective Activity of Nigella sativa Extract in D-Galactosamine Induced Hepatic Injury in Rats
Current Drug Therapy Evidence of Redox Unbalance in Post-Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Current Neurovascular Research Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer Disease and Aging: Antioxidants
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Functions of Ghrelin in Brain, Gut and Liver
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Towards Better Drug Repositioning: Targeted Immunoinflammatory Therapy for Diabetic Nephropathy
Current Medicinal Chemistry Soluble Forms of RAGE in Human Diseases: Clinical and Therapeutical Implications
Current Medicinal Chemistry Editorial: Leptin and the Cardiovascular System - A Target for Therapeutic Interventions
Current Pharmaceutical Design Recent Developments in Drug Design of NO-donor Hybrid Compounds
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Drugs and Rhabdomyolysis: From Liver to Kidney
Current Vascular Pharmacology The Use of Erythropoietin and its Derivatives to Treat Spinal Cord Injury
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry