Abstract
The increasing global incidence of diabetes and advancements in clinical pancreatic islet transplantation for the treatment of Type I diabetes have renewed the interest in understanding the variations of β-cell mass and function relative not only to transplant outcome but also to the onset and progression of diabetes. A deeper comprehension of the molecular and cellular processes involved in pancreatic islet inflammation and cytotoxicity is necessary to further improve efficacy of islet transplantation and to develop new therapies aimed at preserving beta cell function in pathological conditions. Available diagnostic methods based on metabolic response are unsuitable as they lack correlation to islet mass, viability and function. Great emphasis has been placed on developing noninvasive imaging technologies which enable the tracking of both endogenous and transplanted islet mass and potentially function overtime, the characterization of changes in islet vasculature and the degree of T-cell infiltration during insulitis. Among the more relevant modalities are magnetic resonance, positron emitted tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, bioluminescence and fluorescence optical imaging. This review focuses on the most recent advancements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of pancreatic islets. In-vitro approaches aimed at characterizing the potency of isolated islets as well as in-vivo advancements in the assessment of transplanted beta cell mass are presented together with the significant progress made in the in-vivo imaging of the endocrine pancreas and islet vasculature and inflammation. Different experimental approaches are compared via their advantages and limitations with respect to their clinical implementation.
Keywords: Beta cell function, contrast agents, in vivo imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, pancreatic islets
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: MR Imaging of Pancreatic Islets: Tracking Isolation, Transplantation and Function
Volume: 16 Issue: 14
Author(s): L. Leoni and B.B. Roman
Affiliation:
Keywords: Beta cell function, contrast agents, in vivo imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, pancreatic islets
Abstract: The increasing global incidence of diabetes and advancements in clinical pancreatic islet transplantation for the treatment of Type I diabetes have renewed the interest in understanding the variations of β-cell mass and function relative not only to transplant outcome but also to the onset and progression of diabetes. A deeper comprehension of the molecular and cellular processes involved in pancreatic islet inflammation and cytotoxicity is necessary to further improve efficacy of islet transplantation and to develop new therapies aimed at preserving beta cell function in pathological conditions. Available diagnostic methods based on metabolic response are unsuitable as they lack correlation to islet mass, viability and function. Great emphasis has been placed on developing noninvasive imaging technologies which enable the tracking of both endogenous and transplanted islet mass and potentially function overtime, the characterization of changes in islet vasculature and the degree of T-cell infiltration during insulitis. Among the more relevant modalities are magnetic resonance, positron emitted tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, bioluminescence and fluorescence optical imaging. This review focuses on the most recent advancements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of pancreatic islets. In-vitro approaches aimed at characterizing the potency of isolated islets as well as in-vivo advancements in the assessment of transplanted beta cell mass are presented together with the significant progress made in the in-vivo imaging of the endocrine pancreas and islet vasculature and inflammation. Different experimental approaches are compared via their advantages and limitations with respect to their clinical implementation.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Leoni L. and Roman B.B., MR Imaging of Pancreatic Islets: Tracking Isolation, Transplantation and Function, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2010; 16 (14) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161210791164171
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161210791164171 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Identifying S100B as a Biomarker and a Therapeutic Target For Brain Injury and Multiple Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Empagliflozin for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Overview of Phase 3 Clinical Trials
Current Diabetes Reviews Dietary Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Current Nutrition & Food Science Homeostasis and Compensatory Homeostasis: Bridging Western Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine
Current Cardiology Reviews Risks Associated with SGLT2 Inhibitors: An Overview
Current Drug Safety Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Review
Current Diabetes Reviews Bacteriophage - A Common Divergent Therapeutic Approach for Alzheimer's Disease and Type II Diabetes Mellitus
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Evaluation of Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis in Pediatric Patients with Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Synthetic Cannabinoids: Psychopharmacology, Clinical Aspects, Psychotic Onset
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Towards Standardized Stem Cell Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy An Overview of Valuable Scientific Models for Diabetes Mellitus
Current Diabetes Reviews Serum Insulin Degrading Enzyme Level and Other Factors in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Current Alzheimer Research Diabetes and its Complications - Contemporary Treatment and Potential Side Effects of Drugs to Treat Diabetes
Current Drug Safety Decreased Plasma Level of Lipoprotein Lipase Predicted Verbal Disfluency in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Early Cognitive Deficits
Current Alzheimer Research Half-Life of Sulfonylureas in HNF1A and HNF4A Human MODY Patients is not Prolonged as Suggested by the Mouse Hnf1a<sup>-/-</sup> Model
Current Pharmaceutical Design Genetic and Molecular Basis of QTL of Diabetes in Mouse: Genes and Polymorphisms
Current Genomics Polyphenols: Potential Future Arsenals in the Treatment of Diabetes
Current Pharmaceutical Design Current Options and Perspectives in the Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathy
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Islet Transplantation and Monitoring the Graft Survival by Non-Invasive Imaging
Current Medicinal Chemistry Psychosocial Factors and Diabetes Mellitus: Evidence-Based Treatment Guidelines
Current Diabetes Reviews