Abstract
Earlier experimental studies indicated that the integrity of vagal pathway was required to confer gastric protection against damaging agents. Several peptides located in the brainstem initially identified to influence vagal outflow to the stomach, as assessed by electrophysiological approach or by vagal dependent alterations of gastric secretory and motor function, were investigated for their influence in the vagal regulation of the resistance of the gastric mucosa to injury. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), or its stable TRH analog, RX-77368, injected at low doses into the cisterna magna or the dorsal motor nucleus (DMN) was the first peptide reported to protect the gastric mucosa against ethanol injury through stimulation of vagal cholinergic pathways, inducing the release of gastric prostaglandins/ nitric oxide (NO) and the recruitment of efferent function of capsaicin sensitive afferent fibers containing calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP). Activation of endogenous TRH-TRH1 receptor signaling located in the brainstem plays a role in adaptive gastric protection against damaging agents. Since then, an expanding number of peptides, namely peptide YY, CGRP, adrenomedullin, amylin, glugacon-like peptide, opioid peptides acting on μ, δ1 or δ2 receptors, nocicpetin, nocistatin, ghrelin, leptin and TLQP-21, a peptide derived from VGF prohormone, have been reported to act in the brainstem to afford gastric protection against ethanol injury largely through similar peripheral effectors mechanisms than TRH. Therefore gastric prostaglandins and CGRP/NO pathways represent a common final mechanism through which brain peptides confer vagally mediated gastroprotection against injury. A better understanding of brain circuitries through which these peptides are released will provide new strategies to recruit integrated and multifaceted gastroprotective mechanisms.
Keywords: Adrenomedullin, CGRP, ethanol, ghrelin, nitric oxide, prostaglandins, TRH, vagus, electrophysiological approach, cisterna magna
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Brainstem Neuropeptides and Vagal Protection of the Gastric Mucosal Against Injury: Role of Prostaglandins, Nitric Oxide and Calcitonin-Gene Related Peptide in Capsaicin Afferents
Volume: 19 Issue: 1
Author(s): Y. Tache
Affiliation:
Keywords: Adrenomedullin, CGRP, ethanol, ghrelin, nitric oxide, prostaglandins, TRH, vagus, electrophysiological approach, cisterna magna
Abstract: Earlier experimental studies indicated that the integrity of vagal pathway was required to confer gastric protection against damaging agents. Several peptides located in the brainstem initially identified to influence vagal outflow to the stomach, as assessed by electrophysiological approach or by vagal dependent alterations of gastric secretory and motor function, were investigated for their influence in the vagal regulation of the resistance of the gastric mucosa to injury. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), or its stable TRH analog, RX-77368, injected at low doses into the cisterna magna or the dorsal motor nucleus (DMN) was the first peptide reported to protect the gastric mucosa against ethanol injury through stimulation of vagal cholinergic pathways, inducing the release of gastric prostaglandins/ nitric oxide (NO) and the recruitment of efferent function of capsaicin sensitive afferent fibers containing calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP). Activation of endogenous TRH-TRH1 receptor signaling located in the brainstem plays a role in adaptive gastric protection against damaging agents. Since then, an expanding number of peptides, namely peptide YY, CGRP, adrenomedullin, amylin, glugacon-like peptide, opioid peptides acting on μ, δ1 or δ2 receptors, nocicpetin, nocistatin, ghrelin, leptin and TLQP-21, a peptide derived from VGF prohormone, have been reported to act in the brainstem to afford gastric protection against ethanol injury largely through similar peripheral effectors mechanisms than TRH. Therefore gastric prostaglandins and CGRP/NO pathways represent a common final mechanism through which brain peptides confer vagally mediated gastroprotection against injury. A better understanding of brain circuitries through which these peptides are released will provide new strategies to recruit integrated and multifaceted gastroprotective mechanisms.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Tache Y., Brainstem Neuropeptides and Vagal Protection of the Gastric Mucosal Against Injury: Role of Prostaglandins, Nitric Oxide and Calcitonin-Gene Related Peptide in Capsaicin Afferents, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2012; 19 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986712803414097
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986712803414097 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
Current advances in inherited cardiomyopathy
Describe in detail all novel advances in multimodality imaging related to inherited cardiomyopathy diagnosis and prognosis. Shed light to deeper phenotypic characterization. Acknowledge recent advances in genetics, genomics and precision medicineread more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Development and Optimization of Controlled Release Bioerodable Anti Infective Ophthalmic Insert
Current Drug Delivery Endothelial Function in Renal Transplant Recipients is Associated with Circulating Nitric Oxide, ACE Inhibitor Use and Time After Transplantation
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Static Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation in Humans
Current Hypertension Reviews Taste and Hypertension in Humans: Targeting Cardiovascular Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Inflammation, Endothelial Dysfunction and Arterial Stiffness as Therapeutic Targets in Cardiovascular Medicine
Current Pharmaceutical Design Effects of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women Receiving Estrogen
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Delayed Cerebral Ischemia after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: From Vascular Spasm to Cortical Spreading Depolarizations
Current Neurovascular Research Synthesis of 3-(2, 8, 9-trioxa-5-aza-1-germatricyclo [3.3.3.0] Undecane-1- yl)-3-(4-hydroxyl-3-methoxyphenyl)-propionic Acid and its Inhibitory Effect on the Cervical Tumor U14 in vitro and in vivo
Medicinal Chemistry Current Evidence and Future Perspectives on Anti-platelet and Statin Pharmacotherapy for Patients with Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease
Current Vascular Pharmacology Intracoronary Injection of Drugs to Treat No – Reflow Phenomenon and Microcirculatory Dysfunction
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Fabrication and Characterization of Ocular Phase Transition Systems for Blepharitis: A Novel Approach
Drug Delivery Letters Lack of Evidence for Deterioration in Endothelial Function Following Ticagrelor Treatment Cessation
Current Vascular Pharmacology Human Microdialysis
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Update on the Medical Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Novel Biomarkers Assessing Endothelial Dysfunction: Role of microRNAs
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry The Effectiveness of Different Treatment Modalities for the Management of Ocular Injuries Following Sulfur Mustard Exposure
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Recent Patents and Emerging Therapeutics in the Treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Pathophysiology of Blood-Brain Barrier in Brain Injury in Cold and Hot Environments: Novel Drug Targets for Neuroprotection
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Emerging Risk Factors for Dementia: The Role of Blood Pressure Variability
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Inflammatory Markers in Hyperlipidemia: From Experimental Models to Clinical Practice
Current Pharmaceutical Design