Abstract
Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that is required during periods of maximal growth, severe stress, and injury. Arginine is a substrate for protein synthesis but also modulates cellular biochemical functions via conversion to a number of biologically active compounds. Arginine is utilized by a vast variety of metabolic pathways that produce a variety of biologically active compounds such as nitric oxide, creatine phosphate, agmatine, polyamines, ornithine, and citrulline. Arginine supply is primarily regulated by two enzyme systems: arginase (part of the urea cycle) and nitric oxide synthase. Arginine has many effects in the body that include modulation of immune function, wound healing, hormone secretion, vascular tone, insulin sensitivity, and endothelial function. Arginine mediates its effects via nitric oxide independent and dependent pathways. Nitric oxide modulates many cellular functions that include vascular tone, expression of adhesion molecules, leukocyte adhesion, and platelet aggregation. Arginine modulates the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, improves immune function in healthy and ill patients, stimulates wound healing in healthy and ill patients, and modulates carcinogenesis and tumor growth. Thus, arginine is a biologically active dietary compound with numerous physiologic and pharmacological activities.
Keywords: arginine, semi-essential amino acid, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, carcinogenesis
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Cellular and Physiological Effects of Arginine
Volume: 4 Issue: 8
Author(s): Betty C. Tong and Adrian Barbul
Affiliation:
Keywords: arginine, semi-essential amino acid, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, carcinogenesis
Abstract: Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that is required during periods of maximal growth, severe stress, and injury. Arginine is a substrate for protein synthesis but also modulates cellular biochemical functions via conversion to a number of biologically active compounds. Arginine is utilized by a vast variety of metabolic pathways that produce a variety of biologically active compounds such as nitric oxide, creatine phosphate, agmatine, polyamines, ornithine, and citrulline. Arginine supply is primarily regulated by two enzyme systems: arginase (part of the urea cycle) and nitric oxide synthase. Arginine has many effects in the body that include modulation of immune function, wound healing, hormone secretion, vascular tone, insulin sensitivity, and endothelial function. Arginine mediates its effects via nitric oxide independent and dependent pathways. Nitric oxide modulates many cellular functions that include vascular tone, expression of adhesion molecules, leukocyte adhesion, and platelet aggregation. Arginine modulates the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, improves immune function in healthy and ill patients, stimulates wound healing in healthy and ill patients, and modulates carcinogenesis and tumor growth. Thus, arginine is a biologically active dietary compound with numerous physiologic and pharmacological activities.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Tong C. Betty and Barbul Adrian, Cellular and Physiological Effects of Arginine, Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 2004; 4 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557043403305
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557043403305 |
Print ISSN 1389-5575 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5607 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Bioprospecting of Natural Products as Sources of New Multitarget Therapies
According to the Convention on Biological Diversity, bioprospecting is the exploration of biodiversity and indigenous knowledge to develop commercially valuable products for pharmaceutical and other applications. Bioprospecting involves searching for useful organic compounds in plants, fungi, marine organisms, and microorganisms. Natural products traditionally constituted the primary source of more than ...read more
Computational Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry
The thematic issue "Computational Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry" provides a robust platform for delving into state-of-the-art computational methodologies and technologies that significantly propel advancements in medicinal chemistry. This edition seeks to amalgamate top-tier reviews spotlighting the latest trends and breakthroughs in the fusion of computational approaches, including artificial intelligence (AI) ...read more
Natural Products and Dietary Supplements in Alleviation of Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Neurological Disorders
Metabolic disorders like diabetes, obesity, inflammation, oxidative stress, cancer etc, cardiovascular disorders like angina, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure etc as well as neurological disorders like Alzheimer?s, Parkinson?s, Epilepsy, Depression, etc are the global burden. They covered the major segment of the diseases and disorders from which the human community ...read more
Natural Products in Drug Discovery
Natural products have always been one of the important ways of drug discovery due to their novel skeleton and diverse functional group characteristics. According to statistics, between 1981 and 2019, the FDA approved a total of 1,394 small molecule drugs for marketing, of which 930 marketed drugs originated from the ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Acute Right Ventricular Failure in the Setting of Acute Pulmonary Embolism or Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension: A Detailed Review of the Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management
Current Cardiology Reviews Iron Chelators in Medicinal Applications - Chemical Equilibrium Considerations in Pharmaceutical Activity
Current Medicinal Chemistry Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Intravenous Anesthetics on Endotoxemia
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry The Role of Flavonoids in Inhibiting IL-6 and Inflammatory Arthritis
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Potential Effect of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockade in Adipose Tissue and Bone
Current Pharmaceutical Design Safety Profile of the Use of Second Generation Antipsychotics in the Child and Adolescent Population
Current Psychopharmacology The Diagnosis of Drug-Induced Liver Disease
Current Clinical Pharmacology Prolyl Oligopeptidase: A Rising Star on the Stage of Neuroinflammation Research
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Prevention of Macrovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
Current Diabetes Reviews Natural Alkaloids and Diabetes Mellitus: A Review
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Small Molecules in Treatment of Sepsis
Current Drug Targets Targeting CFTR: How to Treat Cystic Fibrosis by CFTR-Repairing Therapies
Current Drug Targets Oral Health in Alzheimers Disease: A Review
Current Alzheimer Research Impact of CYP2D6 Genetic Variation on the Response of the Cardiovascular Patient to Carvedilol and Metoprolol
Current Drug Metabolism Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonists and Parkinsons Disease: State of the Art and Future Directions
Current Pharmaceutical Design Advanced Techniques for Imaging the Human Spinal Cord: Review of Literature
Current Medical Imaging N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP): Potential target molecule in research of heart, kidney and brain
Current Pharmaceutical Design Immunosuppressive Therapy for Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Current Pharmaceutical Design Biology and Therapeutic Applications of Peroxisome Proliferator- Activated Receptors
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry PPARγ in Angiogenesis and Vascular Development
Current Angiogenesis (Discontinued)