Abstract
Methods to reduce sexual transmission of HIV-1 are urgently needed to slow the global HIV-1 epidemic. These methods should include interventions that minimize susceptibility in uninfected populations at risk, as well as interventions that decrease the infectiousness of HIV-1 infected individuals. Surprisingly few interventions to prevent HIV-1 transmission have been targeted at persons who are already infected, although such interventions could have a significant impact on population-wide HIV-1 spread. This review summarizes current knowledge of factors that influence HIV-1 infectiousness, with special attention on the role of genital tract HIV-1 as a surrogate marker of infectiousness. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated good agreement between factors associated with increased HIV-1 transmission and increased HIV-1 genital tract shedding. Treatment of sexually transmitted diseases and initiation of antiretroviral therapy have been shown to reduce HIV-1 shedding and thus are promising interventions that may reduce HIV-1 transmission. Unresolved issues related to optimal measurement techniques for genital HIV-1, promises and limitations of antiretroviral therapy and vaccines to reduce infectiousness, and other intervention strategies still in development are reviewed.
Keywords: hiv-1, transmission, shedding, infectivity, sexual transmission
Current HIV Research
Title: Measuring the Infectiousness of Persons with HIV-1: Opportunities for Preventing Sexual HIV-1 Transmission
Volume: 1 Issue: 1
Author(s): Jared M. Baeten and Julie Overbaugh
Affiliation:
Keywords: hiv-1, transmission, shedding, infectivity, sexual transmission
Abstract: Methods to reduce sexual transmission of HIV-1 are urgently needed to slow the global HIV-1 epidemic. These methods should include interventions that minimize susceptibility in uninfected populations at risk, as well as interventions that decrease the infectiousness of HIV-1 infected individuals. Surprisingly few interventions to prevent HIV-1 transmission have been targeted at persons who are already infected, although such interventions could have a significant impact on population-wide HIV-1 spread. This review summarizes current knowledge of factors that influence HIV-1 infectiousness, with special attention on the role of genital tract HIV-1 as a surrogate marker of infectiousness. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated good agreement between factors associated with increased HIV-1 transmission and increased HIV-1 genital tract shedding. Treatment of sexually transmitted diseases and initiation of antiretroviral therapy have been shown to reduce HIV-1 shedding and thus are promising interventions that may reduce HIV-1 transmission. Unresolved issues related to optimal measurement techniques for genital HIV-1, promises and limitations of antiretroviral therapy and vaccines to reduce infectiousness, and other intervention strategies still in development are reviewed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Baeten M. Jared and Overbaugh Julie, Measuring the Infectiousness of Persons with HIV-1: Opportunities for Preventing Sexual HIV-1 Transmission, Current HIV Research 2003; 1 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162033352110
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162033352110 |
Print ISSN 1570-162X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4251 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
HIV vaccine development
The development of a safe and effective vaccine that impedes HIV-1 transmission and/or limits the severity of infection remains a public health priority. The HIV-1/AIDS pandemic continues to have a disproportionate impact on vulnerable and under-served communities in the USA and globally. In the USA, minority communities that have relatively ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
The Role of Catecholamines in Formation and Resolution of Pulmonary Oedema
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets A Challenge for Medicinal Chemistry by the 17β-hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Superfamily: An Integrated Biological Function and Inhibition Study
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Estimation of Affinity of HLA-A*0201 Restricted CTL Epitope Based on the SCORE Function
Protein & Peptide Letters Melatonin Therapy of Pediatric Sleep Disorders: Recent Advances, Why it Works, Who are the Candidates and How to Treat
Current Pediatric Reviews Diversity of Molecular Factors in Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Alzheimer Research COVID-19 and Alcohol Misuse: A Case Report
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Treatment of Tuberculosis in Nano Era: Recent Avenues
Current Bioactive Compounds Muscular Gene Transfer Using Nonviral Vectors
Current Gene Therapy Evaluation of In Vivo and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activities of a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Sertraline Hydrochloride
Anti-Infective Agents Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A Cautionary Note
Current Pharmaceutical Design Importance and Limitations of Chemotherapy Among the Available Treatments for Gastrointestinal Tumours
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Mitochondrial Functionality and Chemical Compound Action on Sperm Function
Current Medicinal Chemistry Urine Cells-derived iPSCs: An Upcoming Frontier in Regenerative Medicine
Current Medicinal Chemistry Human Ascariasis: An Updated Review
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Matrix Metalloproteinases in Respiratory Diseases: From Pathogenesis to Potential Clinical Implications
Current Medicinal Chemistry Reducing the Risk of Major Elective Non-cardiac Surgery: Is there a Role for Levosimendan in the Preoperative Optimization of Cardiac Function?
Current Drug Targets MRP1-dependent Collateral Sensitivity of Multidrug-resistant Cancer Cells: Identifying Selective Modulators Inducing Cellular Glutathione Depletion
Current Medicinal Chemistry Application of Hyperthermia for Cancer Treatment: Recent Patents Review
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery 3D-QSAR and Molecular Docking Studies of Pyrazole Derivatives as Inhibitors of Enoyl Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Synthesis of Purine Derivatives as Scaffolds for a Diversity of Biological Activities
Current Organic Chemistry