Abstract
Baseline disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) include three different preparations of interferonbeta (IFN-β) and glatiramer acetate (GA). These substances reduce relapse rates, side-effects are tolerated by most patients and - after more than 15 years of experience - the long-term safety profile for these drugs can be appraised as very good. In 2006, the therapeutic tool kit was augmented by the first monoclonal antibody, natalizumab, approved as monotherapy for treatment-refractory highly active MS. The restriction to these patient groups results from the rare, but fatal risk of JC virus-induced progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The first oral agent (fingolimod) was approved in 2010 for the United States and in 2011 for Europe. As a further option for therapy escalation the chemotherapeutic agent mitoxantrone is approved for non-responding relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) or secondary progressive MS (SPMS). The use of mitoxantrone is limited by severe cardiotoxicity and the risk of treatment related acute leukemia.
However, despite the fact that therapeutic options for MS have significantly been widened over the past decade new treatment options and more convenient modes of application are needed to enhance efficacy and improve adherence to therapy. This article will review recent developments in MS treatments focusing on oral agents (cladribine, fingolimod, BG00012, teriflunomide and laquinimod) and novel monoclonal antibodies (alemtumzumab, daclizumab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab).
Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, cladribine, fingolimod, BG00012, laquinimod, teriflunomide, alemtuzumab, daclizumab, disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), IFN β.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Immune Therapy of Multiple Sclerosis - Future Strategies
Volume: 18 Issue: 29
Author(s): Sven G. Meuth, Kerstin Gobel and Heinz Wiendl
Affiliation:
Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, cladribine, fingolimod, BG00012, laquinimod, teriflunomide, alemtuzumab, daclizumab, disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), IFN β.
Abstract: Baseline disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) include three different preparations of interferonbeta (IFN-β) and glatiramer acetate (GA). These substances reduce relapse rates, side-effects are tolerated by most patients and - after more than 15 years of experience - the long-term safety profile for these drugs can be appraised as very good. In 2006, the therapeutic tool kit was augmented by the first monoclonal antibody, natalizumab, approved as monotherapy for treatment-refractory highly active MS. The restriction to these patient groups results from the rare, but fatal risk of JC virus-induced progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The first oral agent (fingolimod) was approved in 2010 for the United States and in 2011 for Europe. As a further option for therapy escalation the chemotherapeutic agent mitoxantrone is approved for non-responding relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) or secondary progressive MS (SPMS). The use of mitoxantrone is limited by severe cardiotoxicity and the risk of treatment related acute leukemia.
However, despite the fact that therapeutic options for MS have significantly been widened over the past decade new treatment options and more convenient modes of application are needed to enhance efficacy and improve adherence to therapy. This article will review recent developments in MS treatments focusing on oral agents (cladribine, fingolimod, BG00012, teriflunomide and laquinimod) and novel monoclonal antibodies (alemtumzumab, daclizumab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab).
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
G. Meuth Sven, Gobel Kerstin and Wiendl Heinz, Immune Therapy of Multiple Sclerosis - Future Strategies, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2012; 18 (29) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212802502198
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212802502198 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Laboratory Techniques for Human Viral Encephalitis Diagnosis
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Etiopathogenesis, Classical Immunotherapy and Innovative Nanotherapeutics for Inflammatory Neurological Disorders
Current Nanoscience Role of microRNAs on Blood Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Vascular Cognitive Impairment
Current Drug Delivery Molecular Genetics of Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Gene Therapy Current and Under Development Treatment Modalities of Psoriasis: A Review
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Opiate Drug Use and the Pathophysiology of NeuroAIDS
Current HIV Research A Novel Multiple Tyrosine-kinase Targeted Agent to Explore the Future Perspectives of Anti-Angiogenic Therapy for the Treatment of Multiple Solid Tumors: Cabozantinib
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Insulin-like Growth Factor: Current Concepts and New Developments in Cancer Therapy
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Aging and DNA Methylation
Current Chemical Biology The Multiple Aspects of Stroke and Stem Cell Therapy
Current Molecular Medicine Could Better Phenotyping Small Vessel Disease Provide New Insights into Alzheimer Disease and Improve Clinical Trial Outcomes?
Current Alzheimer Research Executive Dyscontrol in Dementia, with Emphasis on Subcortical Pathology and the Role of Butyrylcholinesterase
Current Alzheimer Research Current Treatment of Autoimmune Blistering Diseases
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Advances in Neuroimaging for HIV-1 Associated Neurological Dysfunction: Clues to the Diagnosis, Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Monitoring
Current HIV Research Depression and Vascular Disease: Conceptual Issues, Relationships and Clinical Implications
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) The Pathology Induced by Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus: an Update
Current Medicinal Chemistry HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP): Still an Obscure Disease
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Sepsis-induced Cardiomyopathy
Current Cardiology Reviews Anti-VEGF Strategies – from Antibodies to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Background and Clinical Development in Human Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Viral Induced Oxidative and Inflammatory Response in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis with Identification of Potential Drug Candidates: A Systematic Review using Systems Biology Approach
Current Neuropharmacology