Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) enables the observation of brain function in vivo. Several brain metabolites can be measured by the means of 1H MRS: N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline containing compounds (Cho), myo-inositol (mI) and glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln) and GABA (together as Glx complex or separately). 1H MRS measures have been found to be abnormal in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. Here we specifically review the influence exerted by antipsychotic drugs on brain metabolism, as detected by1H MRS. We systematically reviewed the available literature and uncovered 27 studies, 16 before-after treatment and 11 cross-sectional. Most of them addressed the effects of antipsychotics in schizophrenia and mainly focusing on NAA alterations. Follow up studies indicated antipsychotic drugs may act by increasing NAA levels in selected brain areas (the frontal lobe and thalamus), especially during the short-time observation. This phenomenon seems to vanish after longer observation. Other studies indicated that glutamate measures are decreasing along with the duration of the disease, suggesting both a neurodegenerative process present in schizophrenic brain as well as an influence of antipsychotics.
The above results were reviewed according to the most recent theories in the field accounting for the impact of antipsychotics 1HMRS measures.Keywords: Antipsychotics, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, N-acetylaspartate, glutamate, psychosis
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Changes After Antipsychotic Treatment
Volume: 20 Issue: 3
Author(s): Agata Szulc, Beata Galinska-Skok, Napoleon Waszkiewicz, Daniel Bibulowicz, Beata Konarzewska and Eugeniusz Tarasow
Affiliation:
Keywords: Antipsychotics, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, N-acetylaspartate, glutamate, psychosis
Abstract: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) enables the observation of brain function in vivo. Several brain metabolites can be measured by the means of 1H MRS: N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline containing compounds (Cho), myo-inositol (mI) and glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln) and GABA (together as Glx complex or separately). 1H MRS measures have been found to be abnormal in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. Here we specifically review the influence exerted by antipsychotic drugs on brain metabolism, as detected by1H MRS. We systematically reviewed the available literature and uncovered 27 studies, 16 before-after treatment and 11 cross-sectional. Most of them addressed the effects of antipsychotics in schizophrenia and mainly focusing on NAA alterations. Follow up studies indicated antipsychotic drugs may act by increasing NAA levels in selected brain areas (the frontal lobe and thalamus), especially during the short-time observation. This phenomenon seems to vanish after longer observation. Other studies indicated that glutamate measures are decreasing along with the duration of the disease, suggesting both a neurodegenerative process present in schizophrenic brain as well as an influence of antipsychotics.
The above results were reviewed according to the most recent theories in the field accounting for the impact of antipsychotics 1HMRS measures.Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Szulc Agata, Galinska-Skok Beata, Waszkiewicz Napoleon, Bibulowicz Daniel, Konarzewska Beata and Tarasow Eugeniusz, Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Changes After Antipsychotic Treatment, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2013; 20 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867311320030013
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867311320030013 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Curcumin Entrapped Into Lipid Nanosystems Inhibits Neuroblastoma Cancer Cell Growth and Activates Hsp70 Protein
Current Nanoscience Targeting Stress Activated Protein Kinases, JNK and p38, as New Therapeutic Approach for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Recent Development of α<sub>7</sub> Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (nAChR) Ligands as Therapeutic Candidates for the Treatment of Central Nervous System (CNS) Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design An Overview of Phenserine Tartrate, A Novel Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Alzheimers Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Therapy in Prion Diseases: From Molecular and Cellular Biology to Therapeutic Targets
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets The Potential for Substance P Antagonists as Anti-Cancer Agents in Brain Tumours
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Radiopharmaceutical: Revolutionary Agents for Diagnosis
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Antimicrobial Compounds of Low Molecular Mass are Constitutively Present in Insects: Characterisation of β-Alanyl-Tyrosine
Current Pharmaceutical Design Critical Questions for Preclinical Trials on Safety and Efficacy of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Based Therapeutic Angiogenesis for Ischemic Stroke
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Calcium Level Controlling Activities of Novel Derivatives of Amlodipine,Riodipine and Cerebrocrast
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery P2X Receptors and Inflammation
Current Medicinal Chemistry Overcoming Drug Resistance by Enhancing Apoptosis of Tumor Cells
Current Cancer Drug Targets New Avenue of Research: Antiepileptic Drug and Estradiol Neuroprotection in Epilepsy
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) An Overview of the α4β1 Integrin and the Potential Therapeutic Role of its Antagonists
Current Medicinal Chemistry The role of Nox-mediated oxidation in the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics
Current Pharmaceutical Design Screening Neuroprotective Agents Through 4-hydroxynonenal, Ethanol, High Glucose, Homocysteine, Okadaic Acid, Rotenone, and Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation Induced PC12 Injury Models: A Review
Current Psychopharmacology Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Irinotecan-Based Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Current Clinical Pharmacology The Impact of Small Heat Shock Proteins (HspBs) in Alzheimer’s and Other Neurological Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Immunology Behind Tumors: A Mini Review
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews CXCR4 and Glioblastoma
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry