Abstract
Stable angina (SA) pectoris is a common and disabling disorder in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), with increasing epidemiology and is associated with myocardial infarction and increased mortality. However, within the population of SA patients, an individual’s prognosis can vary considerably. Except from conventional risk factors a variety of biomarkers have been evaluated for their prognostic significance in the settings of SA. Novel biomarkers associated with inflammatory status, such as C reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor alpha, with myocardial performance, such as B-type natriuretic peptide, with extracellular matrix remodeling, with vascular calcification such as osteoprotogerin and osteopontin, with myocardial ischemia, such as ischemia modified albumin have been associated with the progression of CAD and with the prognosis of SA patients. Despite the multiplicity of novel biomarkers there is lack of a clinical useful, highly specific for CAD biomarker with the ability to guide treatment decisions. In the context of this evidence in this review article we summarize the so far acquired knowledge of the most promising biomarkers and we discuss the major clinical correlations of novel risk factors with SA physical history, their predictive value for future cardiovascular events and their use in the treatment monitoring of this population.
Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome, atherosclerosis, biomarkers, coronary artery disease, inflammation, prognosis, risk factor, stable angina, myocardial infarction, predictive value
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Novel Risk Factors Related to Stable Angina
Volume: 19 Issue: 9
Author(s): Gerasimos Siasos, Dimitris Tousoulis, Dimitrios Athanasiou, Evangelos Oikonomou, Panagiotis Tourikis, Nikolaos Gouliopoulos, Maria Limperi, Anna-Maria Kampoli, Kostas Toutouzas, Athanasios G. Papavassiliou and Christodoulos Stefanadis
Affiliation:
Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome, atherosclerosis, biomarkers, coronary artery disease, inflammation, prognosis, risk factor, stable angina, myocardial infarction, predictive value
Abstract: Stable angina (SA) pectoris is a common and disabling disorder in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), with increasing epidemiology and is associated with myocardial infarction and increased mortality. However, within the population of SA patients, an individual’s prognosis can vary considerably. Except from conventional risk factors a variety of biomarkers have been evaluated for their prognostic significance in the settings of SA. Novel biomarkers associated with inflammatory status, such as C reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor alpha, with myocardial performance, such as B-type natriuretic peptide, with extracellular matrix remodeling, with vascular calcification such as osteoprotogerin and osteopontin, with myocardial ischemia, such as ischemia modified albumin have been associated with the progression of CAD and with the prognosis of SA patients. Despite the multiplicity of novel biomarkers there is lack of a clinical useful, highly specific for CAD biomarker with the ability to guide treatment decisions. In the context of this evidence in this review article we summarize the so far acquired knowledge of the most promising biomarkers and we discuss the major clinical correlations of novel risk factors with SA physical history, their predictive value for future cardiovascular events and their use in the treatment monitoring of this population.
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Siasos Gerasimos, Tousoulis Dimitris, Athanasiou Dimitrios, Oikonomou Evangelos, Tourikis Panagiotis, Gouliopoulos Nikolaos, Limperi Maria, Kampoli Anna-Maria, Toutouzas Kostas, G. Papavassiliou Athanasios and Stefanadis Christodoulos, Novel Risk Factors Related to Stable Angina, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2013; 19 (9) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319090002
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319090002 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
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