Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) plays a key role against pathogens of plants and also induces resistance, hence it is an important signaling compound in plants. SA derivative, such as acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin®), is widely used and marketed today as a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) which is one of the first “wonder drugs” of the 20th century. Here we report a method for quantification of SA and its derivatives i.e. 3,4-dihyroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA), gallic acid (GA) and gallic acid methyl ester (GAME) obtained from Primulae radix. First, the total polyphenol content (TPC) of Primulae radix extracts was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu assay. In that context reflux and microwave assisted extracts (MAE) in different solvents, i.e. water, 100% ethanol, 100% methanol, 50% ethanol and 50% methanol were evaluated. 50% ethanol MAE was taken for the quantitative analysis of SA and its derivatives as the highest amounts of total polyphenol content were yielded. This extract was pre-concentrated by solid phase extraction (SPE) using Strata-X (surface modified copolymer of styrene-divinylbenzene) cartridges. Eluted sample was analyzed by a reversed phase liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (RPLC-ESI-MS) system in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Lower limits of detection (LOD) of 0.74 ng/ml for SA, 1.39 ng/ml for 3,4-DHBA, 3.00 ng/ml for GA and 0.37 ng/ml for GAME and limits of quantification (LOQ) of 2.45 ng/ml for SA, 4.62 ng/ml for 3,4-DHBA, 10.00 ng/ml for GA and 1.23 ng/ml for GAME were determined. Correlation coefficient values > 0.99 for all standards were obtained. The determined mean concentrations were 28.80 and 29.34 µg/g for SA, 9.22 and 8.61 µg/g for 3,4-DHBA, 6.17 and 7.12 μg/g for GA and 0.14 and 0.03 µg/g for GAME using intra and inter-day analyses respectively. Finally, presented data prove that introduced method is highly sensitive and reproducible for the simultaneous quantification of SA, 3,4-DHBA, GA and GAME in Primulae radix extract.
Keywords: Primulae radix, salicylic acid, total polyphenol content (TPC), folin-Ciocalteu assay, solid phase extraction (SPE), RPLC-ESI-MS.
Current Analytical Chemistry
Title:Quantitative Analysis of Salicylic Acid and its Derivatives in Primulae radix by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detection- Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) and Simultaneous Determination of Total Polyphenol Content (TPC)
Volume: 10 Issue: 2
Author(s): Nizam Uddin, Christof Krieg, Wolfgang Stoggl, Gunther Stecher, Gudrun Abel, Michael Popp, Gunther K. Bonn and Christian W. Huck
Affiliation:
Keywords: Primulae radix, salicylic acid, total polyphenol content (TPC), folin-Ciocalteu assay, solid phase extraction (SPE), RPLC-ESI-MS.
Abstract: Salicylic acid (SA) plays a key role against pathogens of plants and also induces resistance, hence it is an important signaling compound in plants. SA derivative, such as acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin®), is widely used and marketed today as a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) which is one of the first “wonder drugs” of the 20th century. Here we report a method for quantification of SA and its derivatives i.e. 3,4-dihyroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA), gallic acid (GA) and gallic acid methyl ester (GAME) obtained from Primulae radix. First, the total polyphenol content (TPC) of Primulae radix extracts was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu assay. In that context reflux and microwave assisted extracts (MAE) in different solvents, i.e. water, 100% ethanol, 100% methanol, 50% ethanol and 50% methanol were evaluated. 50% ethanol MAE was taken for the quantitative analysis of SA and its derivatives as the highest amounts of total polyphenol content were yielded. This extract was pre-concentrated by solid phase extraction (SPE) using Strata-X (surface modified copolymer of styrene-divinylbenzene) cartridges. Eluted sample was analyzed by a reversed phase liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (RPLC-ESI-MS) system in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Lower limits of detection (LOD) of 0.74 ng/ml for SA, 1.39 ng/ml for 3,4-DHBA, 3.00 ng/ml for GA and 0.37 ng/ml for GAME and limits of quantification (LOQ) of 2.45 ng/ml for SA, 4.62 ng/ml for 3,4-DHBA, 10.00 ng/ml for GA and 1.23 ng/ml for GAME were determined. Correlation coefficient values > 0.99 for all standards were obtained. The determined mean concentrations were 28.80 and 29.34 µg/g for SA, 9.22 and 8.61 µg/g for 3,4-DHBA, 6.17 and 7.12 μg/g for GA and 0.14 and 0.03 µg/g for GAME using intra and inter-day analyses respectively. Finally, presented data prove that introduced method is highly sensitive and reproducible for the simultaneous quantification of SA, 3,4-DHBA, GA and GAME in Primulae radix extract.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Uddin Nizam, Krieg Christof, Stoggl Wolfgang, Stecher Gunther, Abel Gudrun, Popp Michael, Bonn K. Gunther and Huck W. Christian, Quantitative Analysis of Salicylic Acid and its Derivatives in Primulae radix by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detection- Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) and Simultaneous Determination of Total Polyphenol Content (TPC), Current Analytical Chemistry 2014; 10 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15734110113099990015
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15734110113099990015 |
Print ISSN 1573-4110 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6727 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancements in biomedicine, corrosion inhibition/monitoring, and lubrication of carbon dots
Carbon dots, a class of carbon-based nanomaterials, have garnered substantial interest in various scientific and engineering fields due to their unique properties, including excellent optical properties, outstanding biocompatibility, easy preparation, good dispersity, ultrasmall size, low toxicity and environmental friendliness. This special issue of Current Analytical Chemistry aims to showcase cutting-edge ...read more
Advances in Microfluidic and Sensing Technologies of Biofluids.
Detection of biological fluids is an important means to assess human health and diagnose diseases. Currently, research on blood is relatively mature and widely applied in the medical field. With the development and advancement of microfluidic technology and novel detection methods, attention has turned to human physiological fluids such as ...read more
Analytical methods for environmental and food analysis
In recent years, the study of the chemical composition of food and the environment depends on analytical methods in order to acquire information about the chemical composition, processing, quality control and contamination of soil, water, air, plants and foods, aspects very important for food safety and environmental quality control. There ...read more
Applications of artificial intelligence in chemical analysis
Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated its versatility in almost all scientific fields, especially analytical chemistry, which is leading the way in the integration of AI. According to Chemical Abstract Services, one of the major disciplines contributing to AI-related publications and patents is analytical chemistry. That?s because techniques such as deep ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Mechanisms of Cytotoxicity of Anticancer Titanocenes
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Gene Microarray Analyses of Daboia russelli russelli Daboiatoxin Treatment of THP-1 Human Macrophages Infected with Burkholderia pseudomallei.
Current Molecular Medicine Gold based Nanoparticles Generated by Radiolytic and Photolytic Methods
Recent Patents on Engineering Protein Structural Analysis of Calbindin D<sub>28k</sub> Function and Dysregulation: Potential Competition Between Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Zn<sup>2+</sup>
Current Alzheimer Research Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC) – an Introduction for Biologists
Current Proteomics Denoising Medical Images Using Machine Learning, Deep Learning Approaches: A Survey
Current Medical Imaging 3,4-Dihydrospiro[piperidine-4,2-(1H)quinoline] Derivatives as New Antioxidant Agents with Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Property
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Peripheral Arterial Disease and Oxidative Stress
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Taxane Through a Validated Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Synapt Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS ESI-Q-TOF) Method
Current Bioactive Compounds Synthesis of Aminoalkoxy Substituted 4,5-Diphenylisoxazole Derivatives as Potential Anti-osteoporotic Agents
Medicinal Chemistry Cyclopentenyl Cytosine (CPEC): An Overview of its in vitro and in vivo Activity
Current Cancer Drug Targets Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications of Nanoparticles
Current Drug Targets Identify DNA-Binding Proteins with Optimal Chou’s Amino Acid Composition
Protein & Peptide Letters Label-Free Electrochemical Immunosensor for the Determination of Fetoprotein Based on Core-Shell-Shell Nanocomposite Particles
Protein & Peptide Letters Inhibitors of the Immunoproteasome: Current Status and Future Directions
Current Pharmaceutical Design Development of Purine-Scaffold Small Molecule Inhibitors of Hsp90
Current Cancer Drug Targets Is There Still a Room for Azathioprine Monotherapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
Current Drug Targets Breath Analysis: The Approach Towards Clinical Applications
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Identification of Multiple Subcellular Locations for Proteins in Budding Yeast
Current Bioinformatics Breast Cancer Resistance Protein: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Cancer
Current Drug Targets