Abstract
The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly slowed the HIV disease progression. However, adverse effects are now a limiting cause of HAART benefit in a substantial proportion of patients. Particularly hepatotoxicity which is a common complication occurring during every HAART regimen. All antiretroviral (ARV) drugs classes, Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), non-Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nNRTI) and Protease Inhibitors (PI) may cause hepatotoxicity but in different pathways. Many risk factors have been identified for developing antiretroviral-related hepatotoxicity, however severe hepatitis remains very uncommon in patients receiving HAART, also if the incidence of hepatotoxicity is rather high. That being the case, means that every new available antiretroviral drug strongly necessities studies which can evaluate its hepatotoxicity and drug-drug interactions, to define the potential risk factors and the outcome of any side effects. This report will review the risk factors, the epidemiology and the pathogenic mechanisms of hepatotoxicity caused in every antiretroviral drug.
Keywords: aids, hiv, haart, antiretroviral drugs, haart hepatotoxicity, antiretroviral drugs hepatotoxicity, management of haart hepatotoxicity, management of antiretroviral drugs hepatotoxicity
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Hepatotoxicity of Antiretroviral Drugs
Volume: 11 Issue: 28
Author(s): N. Abrescia, M. D'Abbraccio, M. Figoni, A. Busto, A. Maddaloni and M. D. Marco
Affiliation:
Keywords: aids, hiv, haart, antiretroviral drugs, haart hepatotoxicity, antiretroviral drugs hepatotoxicity, management of haart hepatotoxicity, management of antiretroviral drugs hepatotoxicity
Abstract: The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly slowed the HIV disease progression. However, adverse effects are now a limiting cause of HAART benefit in a substantial proportion of patients. Particularly hepatotoxicity which is a common complication occurring during every HAART regimen. All antiretroviral (ARV) drugs classes, Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), non-Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nNRTI) and Protease Inhibitors (PI) may cause hepatotoxicity but in different pathways. Many risk factors have been identified for developing antiretroviral-related hepatotoxicity, however severe hepatitis remains very uncommon in patients receiving HAART, also if the incidence of hepatotoxicity is rather high. That being the case, means that every new available antiretroviral drug strongly necessities studies which can evaluate its hepatotoxicity and drug-drug interactions, to define the potential risk factors and the outcome of any side effects. This report will review the risk factors, the epidemiology and the pathogenic mechanisms of hepatotoxicity caused in every antiretroviral drug.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Abrescia N., D'Abbraccio M., Figoni M., Busto A., Maddaloni A. and Marco D. M., Hepatotoxicity of Antiretroviral Drugs, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2005; 11 (28) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161205774580804
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161205774580804 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Vascular Inflammation in Hypertension: Targeting Lipid Mediators Unbalance and Nitrosative Stress
Current Hypertension Reviews Natural Alkaloids and Diabetes Mellitus: A Review
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Role of WNK Kinases in Blood Pressure Control
Current Hypertension Reviews The Chromogranin A-Derived Vasostatins: New Players in the Endocrine Heart
Current Medicinal Chemistry Vaccine Development for Group A Streptococcus Infections and Associated Diseases
Current Drug Targets The Role of Niacin in Lipid-lowering Treatment: Are we Aiming Too High?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Impact of CYP2D6 Genetic Variation on the Response of the Cardiovascular Patient to Carvedilol and Metoprolol
Current Drug Metabolism Anti-Oxidant Gene Therapy by NFkB Decoy Oligodeoxynucleotide
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Effect of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition on Body Temperature Control During Endotoxemic Shock
Current Enzyme Inhibition Update in Pharmacological Management of Coronary No-Reflow Phenomenon
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Experimental Rodent Models of Vascular Dementia: A Systematic Review
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Sepsis: A Potential Therapy with Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Protein disulfide isomerase and Nox: new partners in redox signaling
Current Pharmaceutical Design Iodinated Contrast Media in Diagnostic Imaging: Cardiovascular Side Effects
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Adrenomedullin in Cardiovascular Disease: A Useful Biomarker, its Pathological Roles and Therapeutic Application
Current Protein & Peptide Science Importance of Oral Health in Pregnancy: A Mini-symposium
Current Women`s Health Reviews Physiological Effect and Therapeutic Application of Alpha Lipoic Acid
Current Medicinal Chemistry Editorial (Thematic Issue: Stereoselective Synthesis and Applications of Compounds with N-O Bonds)
Current Organic Synthesis The Intriguing Phospholipases A2 Homologues: Relevant Structural Features on Myotoxicity and Catalytic Inactivity
Protein & Peptide Letters Myogenic Properties of Brain and Cardiac Vessels and their Relation to Disease
Current Vascular Pharmacology