Abstract
Improvements in health care have increased human life expectancy in recent decades, and the elderly population is thus increasing in most developed countries. Unfortunately this still means increased years of poor health or disability. Since it is not yet possible to modify our genetic background, the best anti-aging strategy is currently to intervene on environmental factors, aiming to reduce the incidence of risk factors of poor health. Calorie restriction (CR) with adequate nutrition is the only non-genetic, and the most consistent non-pharmacological intervention that extends lifespan in model organisms from yeast to mammals, and protects against the deterioration of biological functions, delaying or reducing the risk of many age-related diseases. The biological mechanisms of CR’s beneficial effects include modifications in energy metabolism, oxidative stress, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, autophagy, neuroendocrine function and induction of hormesis/xenohormesis response. The molecular signalling pathways mediating the anti-aging effect of CR include sirtuins, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor G coactivator-1α, AMP-activated protein kinase, insulin/insulin growth factor-1, and target of rapamycin, which form a pretty interacting network. However, most people would not comply with such a rigorous dietary program; research is thus increasingly aimed at determining the feasibility and efficacy of natural and/or pharmacological CR mimetic molecules/ treatments without lowering food intake, particularly in mid- to late-life periods. Likely candidates act on the same signalling pathways as CR, and include resveratrol and other polyphenols, rapamycin, 2-deoxy-D-glucose and other glycolytic inhibitors, insulin pathway and AMP-activated protein kinase activators, autophagy stimulators, alpha-lipoic acid, and other antioxidants.
Keywords: Calorie restriction, calorie restriction mimetics, aging, longevity.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Calorie Restriction and Dietary Restriction Mimetics: A Strategy for Improving Healthy Aging and Longevity
Volume: 20 Issue: 18
Author(s): Gabriella Testa, Fiorella Biasi, Giuseppe Poli and Elena Chiarpotto
Affiliation:
Keywords: Calorie restriction, calorie restriction mimetics, aging, longevity.
Abstract: Improvements in health care have increased human life expectancy in recent decades, and the elderly population is thus increasing in most developed countries. Unfortunately this still means increased years of poor health or disability. Since it is not yet possible to modify our genetic background, the best anti-aging strategy is currently to intervene on environmental factors, aiming to reduce the incidence of risk factors of poor health. Calorie restriction (CR) with adequate nutrition is the only non-genetic, and the most consistent non-pharmacological intervention that extends lifespan in model organisms from yeast to mammals, and protects against the deterioration of biological functions, delaying or reducing the risk of many age-related diseases. The biological mechanisms of CR’s beneficial effects include modifications in energy metabolism, oxidative stress, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, autophagy, neuroendocrine function and induction of hormesis/xenohormesis response. The molecular signalling pathways mediating the anti-aging effect of CR include sirtuins, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor G coactivator-1α, AMP-activated protein kinase, insulin/insulin growth factor-1, and target of rapamycin, which form a pretty interacting network. However, most people would not comply with such a rigorous dietary program; research is thus increasingly aimed at determining the feasibility and efficacy of natural and/or pharmacological CR mimetic molecules/ treatments without lowering food intake, particularly in mid- to late-life periods. Likely candidates act on the same signalling pathways as CR, and include resveratrol and other polyphenols, rapamycin, 2-deoxy-D-glucose and other glycolytic inhibitors, insulin pathway and AMP-activated protein kinase activators, autophagy stimulators, alpha-lipoic acid, and other antioxidants.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Testa Gabriella, Biasi Fiorella, Poli Giuseppe and Chiarpotto Elena, Calorie Restriction and Dietary Restriction Mimetics: A Strategy for Improving Healthy Aging and Longevity, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2014; 20 (18) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/13816128113196660699
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/13816128113196660699 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Antithrombotic Treatment in the Prevention of Ischemic Stroke
Current Drug Targets Platelet and Soluble Glycoprotein VI - Novel Applications in Diagnosis and Therapy
Current Drug Targets Relevance of Endothelial-Haemostatic Dysfunction in Cigarette Smoking
Current Medicinal Chemistry Structural Determinants of the Multifunctional Profile of Dual Binding Site Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors as Anti-Alzheimer Agents
Current Pharmaceutical Design Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Preterm Infant Brain
Current Pediatric Reviews Perioperative Considerations in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Current Rheumatology Reviews The Effect of Psychological Stress and Social Isolation on Neuroimmunoendocrine Communication
Current Pharmaceutical Design DYRK1A: A Potential Drug Target for Multiple Down Syndrome Neuropathologies
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) and Cardiovascular Disease
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Vitamin D and Infectious Diseases
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Past, Present and Future of Nutrigenomics and its Influence on Drug Development
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Recent Patents on PCSK9: A New Target for Treating Hypercholesterolemia
Recent Patents on DNA & Gene Sequences Pharmacogenetic Polymorphisms in a Portuguese Gypsy Population
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine 10 Years of SELDI: What Have we Learnt?
Current Proteomics Targeting Heme Oxygenase-1 in Vascular Disease
Current Drug Targets Epidemics of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders: Are Dietary Fats or Sugars Involved?
Current Nutrition & Food Science The Role of Estrogen and Estrogen-Related Drugs in Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Drug Metabolism The Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EndMT) and Tissue Regeneration
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Medial Temporal Lobe Volumes in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Late-life Depression: Research Synthesis
Current Psychiatry Reviews Onco-Surgical Management of Colo-Rectal Liver Metastases in Older Patients: A New Frontier in the 3<sup>rd</sup> Millennium
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry