摘要
硫酸软骨素蛋白多糖(CSPGs)是一种复杂的生物分子,这种复杂的生物分子被认为是促进轴突方向的仿造和哺乳动物中枢神经系统的早期生长和发育阶段的细胞迁移。在成人中,它们继续作为“周围神经元网络”(PNNs)的主要成分来控制神经元可塑性,“周围神经元网络”围绕着成人中枢神经系统的神经元。CSPGs也是一种障碍形成分子,它通过受损后入侵中枢神经系统的反应性星形神经胶质来选择性调节,并且掌控再生神经元损伤后的活性斥力。然而最近的证据表明,不同的硫酸化糖胺聚糖(GAG)侧链接到CSPGs上是发挥影响中枢神经系统损伤后的神经元再生的副作用的关键组分。硫酸化糖胺聚糖重复连接到CSPG的核心蛋白上有助于介导细胞迁移,神经突生成,轴突导向及通过直接捕获的轴突反斥和在局部细胞中出现大量的生长因子,或者通过绑定到特定的细胞表面的膜结合蛋白来影响细胞功能。这篇综述中,我们将介绍当前所有的用于弥补中枢神经缺陷的介入性策略,并讨论运用基于生物分子的硫酸化糖胺聚糖来促进损伤性中枢神经系统的修复和再生的潜在优势。
关键词: 生物材料,中枢神经系统缺陷,硫酸软骨素蛋白多糖,葡糖氨基葡聚糖,再生医学
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Chondroitin Sulfate Glycosaminoglycans for CNS Homeostasis-Implications for Material Design
Volume: 21 Issue: 37
Author(s): Lohitash Karumbaiah, Tarun Saxena, Martha Betancur and Ravi V. Bellamkonda
Affiliation:
关键词: 生物材料,中枢神经系统缺陷,硫酸软骨素蛋白多糖,葡糖氨基葡聚糖,再生医学
摘要: Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are complex biomolecules that are known to facilitate patterning of axonal direction and cell migration during the early growth and development phase of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). In adults, they continue to control neuronal plasticity as major constituents of the “peri-neuronal nets” (PNNs) that surround adult CNS neurons. CSPGs are also barrier-forming molecules that are selectively upregulated by invading reactive astroglia after injury to the CNS, and are responsible for the active repulsion of regenerating neurons post-injury. Recent evidence however suggests that the diverse sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains attached to CSPGs are key components that play paradoxical roles in influencing nerve regeneration post-injury to the CNS. Sulfated GAG repeats attached to the CSPG core protein help mediate cell migration, neuritogenesis, axonal pathfinding, and axonal repulsion by directly trapping and presenting a whole host of growth factors to cells locally, or by binding to specific membrane bound proteins on the cell surface to influence cellular function. In this review, we will present the current gamut of interventional strategies used to bridge CNS deficits, and discuss the potential advantages of using sulfated GAG based biomaterials to facilitate the repair and regeneration of the injured CNS.
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Cite this article as:
Karumbaiah Lohitash, Saxena Tarun, Betancur Martha and Bellamkonda V. Ravi, Chondroitin Sulfate Glycosaminoglycans for CNS Homeostasis-Implications for Material Design, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2014; 21 (37) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666140815124447
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666140815124447 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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