Abstract
The presence of sarcopenia is not only rapidly rising in geriatric clinical practice and research, but is also becoming a significant concept in numerous medical specialties. This rapidly rising concept has encouraged the need to identify methods for treating sarcopenia. Physical activity measures using resistance training exercise, combined with nutritional interventions (protein and amino acid supplementation) have shown to significantly improve muscle mass and strength in older persons. Moreover, resistance training may improve muscle strength and mass by improving protein synthesis in skeletal muscle cells. Aerobic exercise has also shown to hold beneficial impacts on sarcopenia by improving insulin sensitivity. At the moment, the literature indicates that most significant improvement in sarcopenia is based on exercise programs. Thus, this type of intervention should be implemented in a persistent manner over time in elders, with or at risk of muscle loss. At the same time, physical training exercise should include correcting nutritional deficits with supplementation methods. For example, in older sarcopenic patients with adequate renal function, daily protein intake should be increased to >1. 0 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight. In particular, leucine, - hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB), creatine and some milk-based proteins have been shown to improve skeletal muscle protein balance. In addition, it is also recommended for adjustment of for vitamin D deficiency, if present, considering the crucial role of vitamin D in the skeletal muscle. In this review, we provide evidence regarding the effects of different physical exercise protocols, specific nutritional intervention, and some new metabolic agents (HMB, citrulline malate, ornithine, and others) on clinical outcomes related to sarcopenia in older adults.
Keywords: Aging, sarcopenia, physical exercise, nutritional intervention, medications.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Treating Sarcopenia in Older and Oldest Old
Volume: 21 Issue: 13
Author(s): Anna Maria Martone, Fabrizia Lattanzio, Angela Marie Abbatecola, Domenico La Carpia, Matteo Tosato, Emanuele Marzetti, Riccardo Calvani, Graziano Onder and Francesco Landi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Aging, sarcopenia, physical exercise, nutritional intervention, medications.
Abstract: The presence of sarcopenia is not only rapidly rising in geriatric clinical practice and research, but is also becoming a significant concept in numerous medical specialties. This rapidly rising concept has encouraged the need to identify methods for treating sarcopenia. Physical activity measures using resistance training exercise, combined with nutritional interventions (protein and amino acid supplementation) have shown to significantly improve muscle mass and strength in older persons. Moreover, resistance training may improve muscle strength and mass by improving protein synthesis in skeletal muscle cells. Aerobic exercise has also shown to hold beneficial impacts on sarcopenia by improving insulin sensitivity. At the moment, the literature indicates that most significant improvement in sarcopenia is based on exercise programs. Thus, this type of intervention should be implemented in a persistent manner over time in elders, with or at risk of muscle loss. At the same time, physical training exercise should include correcting nutritional deficits with supplementation methods. For example, in older sarcopenic patients with adequate renal function, daily protein intake should be increased to >1. 0 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight. In particular, leucine, - hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB), creatine and some milk-based proteins have been shown to improve skeletal muscle protein balance. In addition, it is also recommended for adjustment of for vitamin D deficiency, if present, considering the crucial role of vitamin D in the skeletal muscle. In this review, we provide evidence regarding the effects of different physical exercise protocols, specific nutritional intervention, and some new metabolic agents (HMB, citrulline malate, ornithine, and others) on clinical outcomes related to sarcopenia in older adults.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Martone Maria Anna, Lattanzio Fabrizia, Abbatecola Marie Angela, Carpia La Domenico, Tosato Matteo, Marzetti Emanuele, Calvani Riccardo, Onder Graziano and Landi Francesco, Treating Sarcopenia in Older and Oldest Old, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2015; 21 (13) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612821666150130122032
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612821666150130122032 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Mouse Models of Autoimmune Diseases - Autoimmune Myocarditis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Statins and Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Drugs from saffron crocus
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Chondromodulin-I and Tenomodulin: The Negative Control of Angiogenesis in Connective Tissue
Current Pharmaceutical Design Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Peptide Receptors: Pharmacology and Clinical Implications
Current Drug Targets Epigenetics in Ocular Diseases
Current Genomics Guide of Hypertensive Crisis Pharmacotherapy
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Chemotherapy and Delivery in the Treatment of Primary Brain Tumors
Current Clinical Pharmacology Acute Cerebral Blood Flow Variations after Human Cardiac Arrest Assessed by Stable Xenon Enhanced Computed Tomography
Current Neurovascular Research Clinical Significance of the Sympathetic Nervous System in the Development and Progression of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Current Neurovascular Research Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 based Cellular Therapies for Oxidative Stress Injury
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Quantifying Risk: The Role of Absolute and Relative Measures in Interpreting Risk of Adverse Reactions from Product Labels of Antipsychotic Medications
Current Drug Safety Facing Up the ROS Labyrinth - Where To Go?
Current Vascular Pharmacology MicroRNA Regulatory Network in Human Colorectal Cancer
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry The Dual Role of Free Fatty Acid Signaling in Inflammation and Therapeutics
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery CDK-associated Cullin 1 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Inhibits Cell Apoptosis in Human Glioblastoma
Current Cancer Drug Targets Critical Illness in the Obese Patient
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Meet the Editorial Board:
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Caffeine as a Lead Compound for the Design of Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry