Abstract
Dipyridamole was introduced on the market as coronary vasodilator drug more than half a century ago and is still used as antithrombotic and vasodilator. Among cellular targets, it inhibits phosphodiesterases and raises extracellular levels of adenosine through inhibition of adenosine reuptake by red blood cells. As a consequence, endocellular levels of cyclic nucleotides are upregulated. The rise of cGMP in vascular smooth mu scle cells and of cAMP in platelets provide the mechanism of vasodilation and antithrombosis, which are further potentiated by the release of PGI2 consequent on the increase in endothelial cell cAMP. These effects support the use of dipyridamole in cardiovascular diseases in which the drug is approved for the secondary prevention of cerebrovascular events. On the other hand, dipyridamole has been shown to possess a potent, little perceived, antioxidant activity of potential use in the several fields where pathophysiological pathways are dependent on oxidative stress, including those occurring in atherosclerosis, thrombosis, CNS-related diseases, and cancer.
Keywords: Antioxidant, Atherosclerosis, Cancer, Coronary artery disease, Dipyridamole, Ischemia-reperfusion injury, Neurodegeneration, Neuroprotection.
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Dipyridamole: A Drug with Unrecognized Antioxidant Activity
Volume: 15 Issue: 9
Author(s): Marco Ciacciarelli, Chiara Zerbinati, Francesco Violi and Luigi Iuliano
Affiliation:
Keywords: Antioxidant, Atherosclerosis, Cancer, Coronary artery disease, Dipyridamole, Ischemia-reperfusion injury, Neurodegeneration, Neuroprotection.
Abstract: Dipyridamole was introduced on the market as coronary vasodilator drug more than half a century ago and is still used as antithrombotic and vasodilator. Among cellular targets, it inhibits phosphodiesterases and raises extracellular levels of adenosine through inhibition of adenosine reuptake by red blood cells. As a consequence, endocellular levels of cyclic nucleotides are upregulated. The rise of cGMP in vascular smooth mu scle cells and of cAMP in platelets provide the mechanism of vasodilation and antithrombosis, which are further potentiated by the release of PGI2 consequent on the increase in endothelial cell cAMP. These effects support the use of dipyridamole in cardiovascular diseases in which the drug is approved for the secondary prevention of cerebrovascular events. On the other hand, dipyridamole has been shown to possess a potent, little perceived, antioxidant activity of potential use in the several fields where pathophysiological pathways are dependent on oxidative stress, including those occurring in atherosclerosis, thrombosis, CNS-related diseases, and cancer.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Ciacciarelli Marco, Zerbinati Chiara, Violi Francesco and Iuliano Luigi, Dipyridamole: A Drug with Unrecognized Antioxidant Activity, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2015; 15 (9) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026615666150220111942
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026615666150220111942 |
Print ISSN 1568-0266 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4294 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Chemistry Based on Natural Products for Therapeutic Purposes
The development of new pharmaceuticals for a wide range of medical conditions has long relied on the identification of promising natural products (NPs). There are over sixty percent of cancer, infectious illness, and CNS disease medications that include an NP pharmacophore, according to the Food and Drug Administration. Since NP ...read more
Current Trends in Drug Discovery Based on Artificial Intelligence and Computer-Aided Drug Design
Drug development discovery has faced several challenges over the years. In fact, the evolution of classical approaches to modern methods using computational methods, or Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD), has shown promising and essential results in any drug discovery campaign. Among these methods, molecular docking is one of the most notable ...read more
Drug Discovery in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
In the age of artificial intelligence (AI), we have witnessed a significant boom in AI techniques for drug discovery. AI techniques are increasingly integrated and accelerating the drug discovery process. These developments have not only attracted the attention of academia and industry but also raised important questions regarding the selection ...read more
From Biodiversity to Chemical Diversity: Focus of Flavonoids
Flavonoids are the largest group of polyphenols, plant secondary metabolites arising from the essential aromatic amino acid phenylalanine (or more rarely from tyrosine) via the phenylpropanoid pathway. The flavan nucleus is the basic 15-carbon skeleton of flavonoids (C6-C3-C6), which consists of two phenyl rings (A and B) and a heterocyclic ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Targeting MDM4 as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Hematologic Malignancies
Current Cancer Drug Targets Oxidative Biotransformation of Fatty Acids by Cytochromes P450: Predicted Key Structural Elements Orchestrating Substrate Specificity, Regioselectivity and Catalytic Efficiency
Current Drug Metabolism CD147 Interacts with NDUFS6 in Regulating Mitochondrial Complex I Activity and the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway in Human Malignant Melanoma Cells
Current Molecular Medicine A Review of Systemic Vasodilators in Low Cardiac Output Syndrome Following Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Current Vascular Pharmacology Hyperpolarized Metabolic MR in the Study of Cardiac Function and Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Targeting Transient Receptor Potential Canonical Channels for Diseases of the Nervous System
Current Drug Targets Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy
Current Molecular Medicine Roles of p38-MAPK in Insulin Resistant Heart: Evidence from Bench to Future Bedside Application
Current Pharmaceutical Design Diabetes and Its Complications: Therapies Available, Anticipated and Aspired
Current Diabetes Reviews Role of Sulfur Containing Amino Acids as an Adjuvant Therapy in the Prevention of Diabetes and its Associated Complications
Current Diabetes Reviews Heat Shock Proteins: Therapeutic Drug Targets for Chronic Neurodegeneration?
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Cross-Talk Between Adipose Tissue Health, Myocardial Metabolism and Vascular Function: The Adipose-Myocardial and Adipose-Vascular Axes
Current Pharmaceutical Design Repositioning of Drugs in Cardiometabolic Disorders: Importance and Current Scenario
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Pathophysiological and Clinical Aspects of Iron Chelation Therapy in MDS
Current Pharmaceutical Design Ultrasound Techniques for Drug Delivery in Cardiovascular Medicine
Current Drug Discovery Technologies The Role of the Methoxyphenol Apocynin, a Vascular NADPH Oxidase Inhibitor, as a Chemopreventative Agent in the Potential Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Vascular Pharmacology Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: Mechanisms of Action and Implications In Anesthesia Practice
Current Pharmaceutical Design Resurgence of Herbal Antihypertensives in Management of Hypertension
Current Hypertension Reviews PET Measurements of cAMP-Mediated Phosphodiesterase-4 with (R)-[11C]Rolipram
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Potential Adverse Effects Associated with Inhibition of p38α/β MAP Kinases
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry