摘要
与老化相关的神经认知障碍(NCD),以前称为痴呆症,由各种不同的认知性疾病构成,其最主要的缺陷是认知受损,包括复杂的注意力、执行功能、学习和记忆、语言、知觉/运动技能、社会认知,以及与特定大脑区域和/或网络相关的功能。根据其病因,阿尔茨海默病、血管疾病、路易体病和额颞叶退化症是最常见的亚型。其病理特征通常以复合形式表现,即阿尔茨海默病和血管疾病或阿尔茨海默病加上路易体病。因此要根据多种病因进行诊断。本文总结了最常见的与年龄相关的神经认知障碍的定义、标准、病理、亚型和基因标记。目前诊断标准考虑认知能力下降所导致的重要神经认知障碍或老年痴呆症作为一种渐行行退化过程伴随着表现状开始出现之前的神经病理学改变。与潜伏期相关的生物标记发展为准确的风险因素,而由于没有预防或治愈神经认知障碍的治疗方法,因此生物标记评估对于及时治疗是非常必要的。与影像学研究相比,生物体液评价代表了一个更安全、更便宜和更微创方法。遗传因素不仅在预测疾病发展,而且对发病年龄以及并发症的表现方面有重要预测作用。这些并发症可能导致疾病的病理学改变并引起协同作用,反过来加快神经退行性病变过程,并由此引起行为和功能障碍
关键词: 阿尔茨海默病;认知障碍;痴呆症;额颞叶退化症;基因标记;路易体病;神经认知障碍;帕金森病;血管疾病
Current Alzheimer Research
Title:Genetic Markers in Biological Fluids for Aging-Related Major Neurocognitive Disorder
Volume: 12 Issue: 3
Author(s): S.A. Castro-Chavira, T. Fernandez, H. Nicolini, S. Diaz-Cintra and R.A. Prado-Alcala
Affiliation:
关键词: 阿尔茨海默病;认知障碍;痴呆症;额颞叶退化症;基因标记;路易体病;神经认知障碍;帕金森病;血管疾病
摘要: Aging-related major neurocognitive disorder (NCD), formerly named dementia, comprises of the different acquired diseases whose primary deficit is impairment in cognitive functions such as complex attention, executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual/motor skills, and social cognition, and that are related to specific brain regions and/or networks. According to its etiology, the most common subtypes of major NCDs are due to Alzheimer’ s disease (AD), vascular disease (VaD), Lewy body disease (LBD), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). These pathologies are frequently present in mixed forms, i.e., AD plus VaD or AD plus LBD, thus diagnosed as due to multiple etiologies. In this paper, the definitions, criteria, pathologies, subtypes and genetic markers for the most common age-related major NCD subtypes are summarized. The current diagnostic criteria consider cognitive decline leading to major NCD or dementia as a progressive degenerative process with an underlying neuropathology that begins before the manifestation of symptoms. Biomarkers associated with this asymptomatic phase are being developed as accurate risk factor and biomarker assessments are fundamental to provide timely treatment since no treatments to prevent or cure NCD yet exist. Biological fluid assessment represents a safer, cheaper and less invasive method compared to contrast imaging studies to predict NCD appearance. Genetic factors particularly have a key role not only in predicting development of the disease but also the age of onset as well as the presentation of comorbidities that may contribute to the disease pathology and trigger synergistic mechanisms which may, in turn, accelerate the neurodegenerative process and its resultant behavioral and functional disorders.
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S.A. Castro-Chavira, T. Fernandez, H. Nicolini, S. Diaz-Cintra and R.A. Prado-Alcala , Genetic Markers in Biological Fluids for Aging-Related Major Neurocognitive Disorder, Current Alzheimer Research 2015; 12 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205012666150302155138
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205012666150302155138 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
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