摘要
紫苜蓿酚,一个对称的双香豆素被认为是广泛应用的抗凝血剂华法令阻凝剂的“母”的药物。在十九世纪40年代,紫苜蓿酚的生物活性从一个神秘的牛病调查中发现,之后才成为一种药物,但是在上世纪50年代被华法令阻滞剂取代。紫苜蓿酚和华法令对抗血凝的过程都通过抑制维生素K的环氧化物还原酶(VKOR)起作用。这一块的维生素K循环和防止γ-在凝血因子的谷氨酸残基羧基。VKOR是一个完整的膜蛋白,我们对于紫苜蓿酚和和华法令作用的分子机制的理解被缺乏的三维结构而阻滞。紫苜蓿酚(和华法令)也抑制次酶,NAD(P)H醌氧化还原酶1(NQO1)。这种可溶的细胞质酶在维生素K的循环中也起着次要作用。然而,它作为一种酶的主要细胞作用似乎是消毒和预防活性氧的积累。NQO1有很好的生物化学和结构的特征。因此,基础结构药物设计确立了NQO1的抑制剂,这种抑制剂有着抗癌药物研究的发展潜力。许多这种化合物都与紫苜蓿酚的结构相关,同时一些也有着减少“脱靶”的效应。因此,紫苜蓿酚成为第二组药物的“母”也将存在可能。
关键词: 抗癌药、抗凝血剂、NQO1、苯醌循环、维生素K、VKOR、华法令阻凝剂。
Current Drug Targets
Title:Dicoumarol: A Drug which Hits at Least Two Very Different Targets in Vitamin K Metabolism
Volume: 18 Issue: 5
关键词: 抗癌药、抗凝血剂、NQO1、苯醌循环、维生素K、VKOR、华法令阻凝剂。
摘要: Dicoumarol, a symmetrical biscoumarin can be considered as the “parent” of the widely used anticoagulant drug, warfarin. The discovery of dicoumarol’s bioactive properties resulted from an investigation into a mysterious cattle disease in the 1940s. It was then developed as a pharmaceutical, but was superseded in the 1950s by warfarin. Both dicoumarol and warfarin antagonise the blood clotting process through inhibition of vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR). This blocks the recycling of vitamin K and prevents the γ-carboxylation of glutamate residues in clotting factors. VKOR is an integral membrane protein and our understanding of the molecular mechanism of action of dicoumarol and warfarin is hampered by the lack of a three dimensional structure. There is consequent controversy about the membrane topology of VKOR, the location of the binding site for coumarin inhibitors and the mechanism of inhibition by these compounds. Dicoumarol (and warfarin) also inhibit a second enzyme, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). This soluble, cytoplasmic enzyme may also play a minor role in the recycling of vitamin K. However, its main cellular roles as an enzyme appear to be detoxification and the prevention of the build-up of reactive oxygen species. NQO1 is well characterised biochemically and structurally. Consequently, structure-based drug design has identified NQO1 inhibitors which have potential for the development of anti-cancer drugs. Many of these compounds are structurally related to dicoumarol and some have reduced “off target” effects. Therefore, it is possible that dicoumarol will become the “parent” of a second group of drugs.
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Dicoumarol: A Drug which Hits at Least Two Very Different Targets in Vitamin K Metabolism, Current Drug Targets 2017; 18 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450116666150722141906
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450116666150722141906 |
Print ISSN 1389-4501 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5592 |
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