Abstract
The neuroimmune system represents a dense network of biochemical signals associated with neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurohormones, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors synthesized in neurons, glial cells and immune cells, to maintain systemic homeostasis. Endogenous and/or exogenous, noxious stimuli in any tissue are captured by sensor cells to inform the brain; likewise, signals originating at the central nervous system (CNS) level are transmitted to peripheral immune effectors which react to central stimuli. This multidirectional information system makes it possible for the CNS to respond to peripheral damage and for alterations in brain function to be reflected in peripheral immune changes. Different CNS disorders, such as anxiety, depression, psychosis, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, migraine, epilepsy, vascular dementia, mental retardation, cerebrovascular encephalopathy, multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, cranial nerve neuropathies, mental retardation and post-traumatic brain injury exhibit changes in CD3, CD4, CD7, HLA-DR, CD25, CD28, and CD56 immune markers. Histamine is an important pleiotropic factor in neuroimmune regulation. This biogenic amine shows age-and sex-dependent changes in the CNS, and is significantly altered, together with interleukin- 1β and TNF-α, in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders in which neuroinflammation appears to be an aggravating phenotype. Therapeutic intervention to halt progression of deleterious neuroinflammatory reactions in CNS disorders is a major challenge for molecular pharmacology in the future.
Keywords: Neuroimmune system, CNS disorders, Alzheimer’s disease, genomics, histamine, immune markers.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Neuroimmune Crosstalk in CNS Disorders: The Histamine Connection
Volume: 22 Issue: 7
Author(s): Ramón Cacabelos, Clara Torrellas, Lucía Fernández-Novoa and Gjumrakch Aliev
Affiliation:
Keywords: Neuroimmune system, CNS disorders, Alzheimer’s disease, genomics, histamine, immune markers.
Abstract: The neuroimmune system represents a dense network of biochemical signals associated with neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurohormones, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors synthesized in neurons, glial cells and immune cells, to maintain systemic homeostasis. Endogenous and/or exogenous, noxious stimuli in any tissue are captured by sensor cells to inform the brain; likewise, signals originating at the central nervous system (CNS) level are transmitted to peripheral immune effectors which react to central stimuli. This multidirectional information system makes it possible for the CNS to respond to peripheral damage and for alterations in brain function to be reflected in peripheral immune changes. Different CNS disorders, such as anxiety, depression, psychosis, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, migraine, epilepsy, vascular dementia, mental retardation, cerebrovascular encephalopathy, multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, cranial nerve neuropathies, mental retardation and post-traumatic brain injury exhibit changes in CD3, CD4, CD7, HLA-DR, CD25, CD28, and CD56 immune markers. Histamine is an important pleiotropic factor in neuroimmune regulation. This biogenic amine shows age-and sex-dependent changes in the CNS, and is significantly altered, together with interleukin- 1β and TNF-α, in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders in which neuroinflammation appears to be an aggravating phenotype. Therapeutic intervention to halt progression of deleterious neuroinflammatory reactions in CNS disorders is a major challenge for molecular pharmacology in the future.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Cacabelos Ramón, Torrellas Clara, Fernández-Novoa Lucía and Aliev Gjumrakch, Neuroimmune Crosstalk in CNS Disorders: The Histamine Connection, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2016; 22 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666151209150954
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666151209150954 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Dendritic Cells in Innate Immune Responses Against HIV
Current Molecular Medicine Targeting the EGF/HER Ligand-Receptor System in Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Biological and Clinical Implications of Clonal Heterogeneity and Clonal Evolution in Multiple Myeloma
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Editorial: Overview on microRNAs in Cancer Development and Virus Infection
MicroRNA Defining Viral Protein Interactomes Using the Yeast Two-Hybrid Assay
Current Proteomics Tissue Protective and Anti-Fibrotic Actions of Suramin: New Uses of an Old Drug
Current Clinical Pharmacology Current Status of Thalidomide and CC-5013 in the Treatment of Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Artemia species: An Important Tool to Screen General Toxicity Samples
Current Pharmaceutical Design Molecular Aspects of Resistance to Biological and Non-Biological Drugs and Strategies to Overcome Resistance in Colorectal Cancer
Current Medicinal Chemistry Advances of Phenoxazines: Synthesis, Reactivity and Their Medicinal Applications
Current Medicinal Chemistry Targeting Hypoxia for Sensitization of Tumors to Radio- and Chemotherapy
Current Cancer Drug Targets Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Folate Based Radiopharmaceuticals for Imaging and Therapy of Cancer and Inflammation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Inflammation and Cancer: In Medio Stat Nano
Current Medicinal Chemistry The MYC Oncogene as a Cancer Drug Target
Current Cancer Drug Targets EXTraordinary Bones: Functional and Genetic Analysis of the EXT Gene Family
Current Genomics Dasatinib: An Anti-Tumour Agent via Src Inhibition
Current Drug Targets Towards Cure of CML: Why We Need to Know More About CML Stem Cells?
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Pharmacophore and 3D QSAR Study of TGFβ Inhibitors
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery The Renin-angiotensin System as a Target of Novel Anticancer Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design