摘要
Reelin是一个基质糖蛋白,在整个脑发育过程中的神经元定位起着举足轻重的作用。在早期皮层发展中Reelin控制皮层神经元的径向迁移,而在之后的发育中,Reelin促进树突和树突棘的成熟。低Reelin水平表征健康成人大脑而增高的Reelin水平和潜在的针对损伤反应的细胞活动有关。 Reelin在脑外的结构和免疫细胞中已经被检测(肝,免疫,肾,睾丸,卵巢,肺,视网膜及角膜)。在视觉系统中,Reelin最初在视网膜中被描述,随后在角膜。增高的Reelin水平在视网膜生成中被观察到,低水平的在成人期发现并且检测到一旦受伤会有显著升高。侮辱驱动的Reelin变化在粘附分子,细胞因子,神经营养因子,生长因子,神经肽类和其他介质及它们的受体上调后出现。这些可溶因子使得神经和视觉系统发育并且促进填充于受伤视觉系统的神经元/附属细胞的生存/恢复。同样,Reelin可能通过驱动对在不同病理生理学水平的稳态/可塑性,炎症,复原和重构的不同的多重影响调节这些因子。极低密度的脂蛋白受体,载脂蛋白E受体2,整合蛋白和衔接分子Disabled 1触发Reelin途径。 最近的进步强调在炎症和组织重构的一些Reelin活动并且支出一个重要的在视觉系统中的Reelin活动。对Reelin在视网膜发育中的功能的更深的理解可能带来新的吸引人的观点来对抗视网膜退化。
关键词: Reelin,炎症,组织重构,神经退变,视网膜,视觉系统。
Current Molecular Medicine
Title:Current Progress of Reelin in Development, Inflammation and Tissue Remodeling: From Nervous to Visual Systems
Volume: 16 Issue: 7
Author(s): A. Micera, B. O. Balzamino, F. Biamonte, G. Esposito, R. Marino, F. Fanelli, F. Keller
Affiliation:
关键词: Reelin,炎症,组织重构,神经退变,视网膜,视觉系统。
摘要: Reelin is a matrix glycoprotein that plays a pivotal role for the positioning of neurons throughout brain development. In the early developing cortex Reelin regulates radial migration of cortical neurons while later in development, Reelin promotes maturation of dendrites and dendritic spines. Low Reelin levels characterize healthy adult brain while increased Reelin levels have been associated with cellular events underlying response to injury.
Reelin has been detected in structural and immune cells outside brain (liver, gut/colon tracts, kidney, testis, ovary, lung, retina and cornea). In the Visual system, Reelin was first described in the retina and thereafter in the cornea. Increased Reelin levels were observed during retinogenesis, low levels were found in adulthood and a significant increase was detected upon injury. Insult-driven Reelin changes occur after upregulation of adhesion molecules, cytokines, neurotrophins, growth factors, neuropeptides and other mediators as well as their receptors. These soluble factors contribute to the development of nervous and visual system and promote survival/recovery of neurons/accessory cells populating the injured visual system. Likewise, Reelin might modulate these factors by driving different multiple effects on homeostasis/plasticity, inflammation, healing and remodeling at different physiopathological levels. Very low-density lipoprotein receptor, apolipoprotein E receptor 2, integrins and the adaptor molecule Disabled 1 trigger Reelin pathway.
Recent advances highlight some Reelin activities during inflammation and tissue remodeling and point out to a crucial Reelin activity in the visual system. A better understanding of Reelin function in retinal development might open to new attractive perspective for counteracting retina degeneration.
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Cite this article as:
A. Micera, B. O. Balzamino, F. Biamonte, G. Esposito, R. Marino, F. Fanelli, F. Keller , Current Progress of Reelin in Development, Inflammation and Tissue Remodeling: From Nervous to Visual Systems, Current Molecular Medicine 2016; 16 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1566524016666160805115044
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1566524016666160805115044 |
Print ISSN 1566-5240 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5666 |
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