摘要
外来体是由各种类型的细胞分泌的小囊泡,已知其介导细胞之间的信号转导。近年来,用于递送靶向药物,化疗药物和RNA的新型载体正在开发中,这被认为对患者有益。考虑到血液中药物纳米制剂的问题,例如纳米毒性和单核吞噬细胞系统的快速清除,来自患者细胞或体液的外泌体似乎是最佳选择。本综述介绍了当前载入外泌体的药物模式,并讨论了外泌体如何重建靶向治疗。直接加载外泌体或其供体细胞是一种替代方法,包括温育,电穿孔,外来体转染或转染,孵育,亲代细胞的活化。为了解决装载到外泌体中的货物的低效率,通过光学可逆的蛋白质 - 蛋白质相互作用的蛋白质加载可以实现新的外泌体蛋白质载体。此外,通过三种手段实现靶向治疗与外来体,即通过将外泌体中的靶向肽添加到外泌体表面中,通过将外体内的特定基因转移到肿瘤中以建立治疗靶标,最后通过靶向包含肿瘤相关抗原的外来体。然而,外泌体的纯化和大规模生产需要进一步的探索,以及更多的方法应用于靶向治疗。因此,外泌体可以作为药物递送和靶向治疗的有效工具。
关键词: 外来体,药物递送,靶向治疗,癌症,电穿孔,肿瘤相关抗原(TAA)。
Current Cancer Drug Targets
Title:Cell-derived Exosomes as Promising Carriers for Drug Delivery and Targeted Therapy
Volume: 18 Issue: 4
关键词: 外来体,药物递送,靶向治疗,癌症,电穿孔,肿瘤相关抗原(TAA)。
摘要: Exosomes are small vesicles that are secreted by various types of cells, known to mediate signal transduction between cells. During recent years, novel carriers for the delivery of targeted drugs, chemotherapy drugs and RNAs are under development, which is believed to be beneficial for patients. Considering issues of drug nano-formulations in bloodstream, such as nano-toxicity and rapid clearance by mononuclear phagocyte system, exosomes derived from either patient’s cells or bodyfluids, seem to be an optimal option. This review presents the current patterns of drug-loaded into exosomes and discusses how exosomes were reconstructed for targeted therapy. Loading either exosomes directly or their donor cells is an alternative, including incubation, electroporation, transfection of exosomes or transfection, incubation, activation of the parent cells. To solve the low efficiency of cargo loading into exosomes, protein loading via optically reversible protein-protein interaction can realize a novel exosomal protein carrier. In addition, targeted therapeutics with exosomes is achieved by three means, via adding targeting peptides into the surface of exosomes, by transferring specific genes within exosomes into tumors to establish a therapeutic target and, lastly, by targeting at exosomes containing tumor associated antigens. Nevertheless, purification and mass production of exosomes need further exploration, as well as more approaches were applied to targeted therapy. Therefore, exosomes could serve as an effective tool for drug delivery and targeted therapy.
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Cell-derived Exosomes as Promising Carriers for Drug Delivery and Targeted Therapy, Current Cancer Drug Targets 2018; 18 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568009617666170710120311
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568009617666170710120311 |
Print ISSN 1568-0096 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5576 |
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