Abstract
Background: Insulin increases glucose uptake in muscles and fat and inhibits hepatic glucose production, thus serving as the primary regulator of the blood glucose level. In type 2 diabetes, insufficient insulin release and suppressed insulin action [named insulin resistance] lead to increased glucose production in liver and decreased glucose uptake by muscles and fat tissues, resulting in elevated blood glucose concentration which is dangerous to human health. Therefore, the anti-diabetic therapies are aimed at inhibiting excess blood glucose.
Methods: A comparative analysis of two distinct glucose-lowering modes was used to develop a new feedback model for the purpose of identification of pharmacological targets in diabetes treatment.
Results: The current brief opinion proposes an original feedback control of glucose-lowering regulation and its models which allow comparing two distinct strategies of glucose level correction, i.e., one of them allows reducing the increased threshold of insulin resistance, whereas the other allows overcoming this threshold/barrier using exogenous insulin treatment. Also, this analytic research presents selected examples comparing the influence of the two analyzed strategies on the normalization of glucose metabolism, their therapeutic potential and side effects associated with additional weight gain. These models show the pathological mechanism by which exogenous insulin provokes formation of a «vicious cycle» by its side effects associated with additional weight gain.
Conclusion: The presented model and findings can contribute to the development of new anti-diabetic targets and drugs with minimal side effects.
Keywords: Chronic low-grade inflammation, diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolism, side effects, vicious cycle, weigh gain.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Glucose-lowering Strategies in Diabetes: Pharmacological Development of New Antidiabetic Drugs
Volume: 24 Issue: 9
Author(s): Polina Schwartsburd*
Affiliation:
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskay ulitsa 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290,Russian Federation
Keywords: Chronic low-grade inflammation, diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolism, side effects, vicious cycle, weigh gain.
Abstract: Background: Insulin increases glucose uptake in muscles and fat and inhibits hepatic glucose production, thus serving as the primary regulator of the blood glucose level. In type 2 diabetes, insufficient insulin release and suppressed insulin action [named insulin resistance] lead to increased glucose production in liver and decreased glucose uptake by muscles and fat tissues, resulting in elevated blood glucose concentration which is dangerous to human health. Therefore, the anti-diabetic therapies are aimed at inhibiting excess blood glucose.
Methods: A comparative analysis of two distinct glucose-lowering modes was used to develop a new feedback model for the purpose of identification of pharmacological targets in diabetes treatment.
Results: The current brief opinion proposes an original feedback control of glucose-lowering regulation and its models which allow comparing two distinct strategies of glucose level correction, i.e., one of them allows reducing the increased threshold of insulin resistance, whereas the other allows overcoming this threshold/barrier using exogenous insulin treatment. Also, this analytic research presents selected examples comparing the influence of the two analyzed strategies on the normalization of glucose metabolism, their therapeutic potential and side effects associated with additional weight gain. These models show the pathological mechanism by which exogenous insulin provokes formation of a «vicious cycle» by its side effects associated with additional weight gain.
Conclusion: The presented model and findings can contribute to the development of new anti-diabetic targets and drugs with minimal side effects.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Schwartsburd Polina *, Glucose-lowering Strategies in Diabetes: Pharmacological Development of New Antidiabetic Drugs, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2018; 24 (9) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666171227222113
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666171227222113 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Patients with Prehypertension - Do we have Enough Evidence to Treat them?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Pharmacological Neuroprotection in Cardiac Surgery: Effectiveness of Pharmacologic-Preconditioning with Erythromycin
Current Vascular Pharmacology A Review on SIRtuins in Diabetes
Current Pharmaceutical Design Effects of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on Albuminuria in HIV-infected Persons
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Analysis of the Rat Pancreas Following Gastric Bypass Surgery
Current Proteomics Brain and Gut CRF Signaling: Biological Actions and Role in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Current Molecular Pharmacology Editorial
Current Diabetes Reviews Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy in Women with Early-stage Breast Cancer
Medicinal Chemistry Meet Our Editorial Board Member
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Pharmacological Neuroprotection in Stroke: Rationale, State-of-the-art and Future Directions
Current Neuropharmacology May Endocrine Therapy be Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Breast Cancer Patients?
Clinical Cancer Drugs Fatty Acids and Effects on In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Liver Steatosis
Current Medicinal Chemistry Defining Pharmacokinetics for Individual Patient Dosimetry in Routine Radiopeptide and Radioimmunotherapy of Cancer: Australian Experience
Current Pharmaceutical Design A Synopsis on the Role of Tyrosine Hydroxylase in Parkinson’s Disease
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets <i>Fagonia indica</i>; A Review on Chemical Constituents, Traditional Uses and Pharmacological Activities
Current Pharmaceutical Design Multifaceted Approach to Circadian Rhythm: Redox, Oxidative Stress, Melatonin, Antioxidants, Nitric Oxide, Hypoxia, Anesthetics, Cortisol and Cocaine
Current Chemical Biology GSK-3 Inhibitors as New Leads to Treat Type-II Diabetes
Current Drug Targets Reducing Perioperative Myocardial Infarction with Anesthetic Drugs and Techniques
Current Drug Targets Bridging Oral and Systemic Health in Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome: Case Reports and Dental Treatment Recommendations
Current Pediatric Reviews Current Pharmacological Approach to Restore Endothelial Dysfunction
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry