The Last Decade of Carbon Paste Electrodes in DNA Electrochemistry

S.      Girousi; Z.      Stanic

doi:10.2174/157341111793797608

Abstract

A great progress in the development of electrochemical carbon paste sensors for DNA hybridization and DNA damage achieved in recent years suggests that these sensors may soon become important tools in medicine and other areas of practical life of the 21st century. The article illustrates a growing number of applications of carbon electrodes in analytical chemistry. Various modifications of carbon pastes and carbon paste-based biosensors are mentioned. This review focuses on the current state of the DNA electrochemical carbon sensors with emphasis on recent advances, challenges and trends. It covers mainly publications which appeared during the period 1999-2009.

Keywords: Carbon paste electrodes, DNA, Electrochemistry, Sensors, Graphite powder, Review, Carbonaceous Materials, arc-discharge method, Pasting Binder, detection of DNA strand breaks, changes of intrinsic redox signals, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, antitumor antibiotics, doxorubicin, echinomycin, hydrazines, actinomycin D (ACTD), adsorptive transfer stripping voltammetry (AdSTV), cyclophosphamide (CP), Curcumin (CU), Mitomycin C, carbon screen-printed electrodes (CSPE), square wave voltmmetry (SWV), Metal Ion, –, DNA Interactions, Electrochemical DNA-Hybridization Biosensors, Leiden mutation, Peptide nucleic acid (PNA), PNA hybrids, biotinylated DNA duplexes, An Ionic Liquid Modified Carbon Paste Electrode