Role of Microbes and Microbiomes in Biofertilizer Production and as Plant Growth Promoters

In 2050, 8.3 billion people will live on Earth, and 70 to 100% more food will be needed. Food and its products are available through agricultural practices. Soil biological systems play an essential role in food production. However, it is a complex process that leads to the stability of crop production and the maintenance of soil health. Healthy food with eco-friendly agriculture practices is required to sustain the soil ecosystem globally. Additionally, the continued depletion of the Earth's natural resources and the increasing use of harmful chemical fertilizers are significant concerns for agriculture's future. Biofertilizers are gaining popularity as a viable alternative to unsafe chemical fertilizers in the pursuit of sustainable agriculture. Biofertilizers have an important role in enhancing crop output and preserving long-term soil fertility, both of which are critical for fulfilling global food demand. Microbes can interact with agricultural plants to improve their resistance, growth, and development. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and silica are the fundamental elements needed for crop growth, yet they are normally present in insoluble or complex forms. Certain microbes dissolve them and make them accessible to plants.

Keywords: Biofertilizer, Biological N2 fixing bacteria, PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria), PSB.