Blood Brain Barrier and Nanotechnology for Neurodegenerative Disorders

The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable membrane that separates the circulating blood from the brain's extracellular fluid, ensuring CNS homeostasis and protecting the brain from harmful substances while allowing essential nutrients to pass. The BBB, composed of specialized endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, poses a significant challenge for drug delivery to the brain due to its restrictive nature. With the help of nanotechnology and the special qualities of nanomaterials such as their tiny size, biocompatibility, and capacity to increase blood circulation promising solutions to these problems remain. The structure and function of the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), the potential of nanotechnology for delivering drugs to the brain, and the application of different nanomaterials, such as polymeric, liposomal, dendrimer, and inorganic nanoparticles, in the treatment of neurological disorders are all covered in this study. Also, the neurotoxicity of nanomaterials and the therapeutic and neuroprotective potential of phytoconstituents are explained. 

Keywords: Blood-Brain Barrier, CNS homeostasis, Endothelial cells, Nanomaterials.