Intellectual Properties and Current Treatment Strategies for Targeting Neurodegenerative Disorders

Neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), pose significant challenges due to their progressive nature and debilitating effects on patients' quality of life. Recent advancements in biomedical research have spurred the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at modifying disease progression and improving patient outcomes. These strategies encompass a wide array of approaches such as small molecule drugs, biologics, brain and physical exercises, gene therapy, AI-based diagnosis and treatment, nano-bioactive approaches, and innovative drug delivery systems designed to enhance Central Nervous System (CNS) penetration and target specific pathological mechanisms. Despite these promising developments, the complexity of neurodegenerative diseases necessitates multifaceted treatment paradigms that combine neuroprotection, neuronal restoration, and symptomatic management. However, several challenges persist. The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) remains a significant obstacle to effective drug delivery, while the heterogeneous nature of these diseases requires personalized treatment approaches. Also, safety and management of the side effects of advanced therapies such as gene therapy and brain stimulation techniques are critical concerns. The Intellectual Property (IP) landscape further complicates the development of new treatments. Navigating this complex terrain involves dealing with overlapping patents, the expiration of early patents leading to increased competition, and the high costs associated with bringing new therapies to market. Ethical and legal considerations, particularly concerning advanced technologies, add another layer of complexity.

Keywords: Blood-brain barrier, Intellectual property, Neurodegenerative disorders, Nano-bioactive approaches, Neuroprotection.