Third-Generation Ionic Liquids in Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications

In recent years, research in the field of ionic liquids (ILs) has discovered several aspects of their 3rd generation derivatives, such as tuneable physicochemical properties (viscosity, polarity, hydrophobicity), green synthesis, and biocompatibility, making them promising agents in different applications for example clean energy, drug delivery, and other various industrial applications. 3rd Generation ILs have a unique modular architecture that can be modified independently, allowing the design of a range of functional materials while retaining the inherent features of ionic liquids. This chapter explores the application of third-generation ILs in the biomedical and pharmaceutical sectors to solve solubility, polymorphism, and bioavailability challenges. They serve as agents for poorly soluble drugs, modulate polymorphic formations of pharmaceutical compounds, and act as carriers for hydrophobic drugs, respectively. Other applications include drug formulation, delivery, and synthesis owing to their physicochemical properties, which have opened new doors for pharmaceutical research and development. We conclude by exploring the future opportunities that can be realized from integrating ILs into the biomedical and pharmaceutical sectors. 

Keywords: Biomedical, Ionic liquids, Pharmaceutical, Polymorphism.