Abstract
Migraine is a neurovascular disease that has classically been attributed to multifactorial aetiologies, with genetic components and environmental interactions considered the main influence. Genes such as flavoenzyme 5, 10- methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), especially the C677T variant, have been associated with elevated plasma homocysteine levels. This elevation in homocysteine results in an array of metabolic disorders and increased risk of complex diseases, including migraine. Catalysation of homocysteine requires the presence of vitamins B6, B12 and folate. Deficiencies in these cofactor vitamins result in hypomethylation, which triggers migraine. Because migraine predominantly affects females, it is hypothesised that fluctuating oestrogen levels, which are governed by oestrogen receptor 1 polymorphisms, are important. Another important factor is homocysteine, the production of which is dependent upon MTHFR and B vitamins. Gene expression is modulated through epigenetic mechanisms, which involve methionine. Additionally, folate plays a major role in DNA synthesis. We propose that vitamin B intake, coupled with MTHFR and oestrogen receptor 1 polymorphisms, causes differential DNA methylation and gene expression that may contribute to the occurrence of migraine.
Keywords: Migraine, flavoenzyme 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, oestrogen receptor 1, Vitamins B, Estrogen, Pharmacoepigenomics.
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
Title:Do Folate, Vitamins B6 and B12 Play a Role in the Pathogenesis of Migraine? The Role of Pharmacoepigenomics
Volume: 13 Issue: 5
Author(s): Munvar Miya Shaik, Huay Lin Tan, Mohammad A Kamal and Siew Hua Gan
Affiliation:
Keywords: Migraine, flavoenzyme 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, oestrogen receptor 1, Vitamins B, Estrogen, Pharmacoepigenomics.
Abstract: Migraine is a neurovascular disease that has classically been attributed to multifactorial aetiologies, with genetic components and environmental interactions considered the main influence. Genes such as flavoenzyme 5, 10- methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), especially the C677T variant, have been associated with elevated plasma homocysteine levels. This elevation in homocysteine results in an array of metabolic disorders and increased risk of complex diseases, including migraine. Catalysation of homocysteine requires the presence of vitamins B6, B12 and folate. Deficiencies in these cofactor vitamins result in hypomethylation, which triggers migraine. Because migraine predominantly affects females, it is hypothesised that fluctuating oestrogen levels, which are governed by oestrogen receptor 1 polymorphisms, are important. Another important factor is homocysteine, the production of which is dependent upon MTHFR and B vitamins. Gene expression is modulated through epigenetic mechanisms, which involve methionine. Additionally, folate plays a major role in DNA synthesis. We propose that vitamin B intake, coupled with MTHFR and oestrogen receptor 1 polymorphisms, causes differential DNA methylation and gene expression that may contribute to the occurrence of migraine.
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Cite this article as:
Shaik Miya Munvar, Tan Lin Huay, Kamal A Mohammad and Gan Hua Siew, Do Folate, Vitamins B6 and B12 Play a Role in the Pathogenesis of Migraine? The Role of Pharmacoepigenomics, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2014; 13 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18715273113129990112
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18715273113129990112 |
Print ISSN 1871-5273 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1996-3181 |
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