Generic placeholder image

Drug Delivery Letters

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2210-3031
ISSN (Online): 2210-304X

Review Article

Curcumin: A Review of its’ Efficacy in the Management of Psoriasis

Author(s): K.M. Reena*, Lalit Singh and Shipra Sharma

Volume 12, Issue 3, 2022

Published on: 22 July, 2022

Page: [163 - 183] Pages: 21

DOI: 10.2174/2210303112666220428101738

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Psoriasis is a long-term chronic inflammatory, autoimmune and reoccurring skin condition. About 2% to 5% of the world's population is impacted by psoriasis. People affected by psoriasis are more prone to develop other health conditions including psoriatic arthritis, anxiety, depression and cardiovascular disorders. Long-term use of several synthetic medications used for their management has been showing typical severe side effects. Curcumin, a natural compound generated from the golden spice (Curcuma longa), has been recommended as a potential alternative for the management of psoriasis. Curcumin works at molecular level by binding with the various inflammatory receptors that play a key role in the initiation of psoriasis.

Objective: The aim of this review is to report the use and discuss the mechanism of action of curcumin in the management of psoriasis and mutually overcome the side effects shown by the synthetic medications.

Methods: For qualitative literature review PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Google Books, and Science Direct meet the inclusion criteria.

Results: Through ample literature surveys, curcumin has been proposed as a safe and therapeutic option for psoriasis as compared to synthetic medications.

Conclusion: As traditional herb curcumin appears as a beneficiary medicament because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating activities proposing minimal side effects. Thereby ensuring its defensive mechanism against psoriasis.

Keywords: Curcumin, turmeric, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, psoriasis, bioavailability, cytokines.

Next »
Graphical Abstract
[1]
Farzaei, M.H.; Zobeiri, M.; Parvizi, F.; El-Senduny, F.F.; Marmouzi, I.; Coy-Barrera, E.; Naseri, R.; Nabavi, S.M.; Rahimi, R.; Abdollahi, M. Curcumin in liver diseases: A systematic review of the cellular mechanisms of oxidative stress and clinical perspective. Nutrients, 2018, 10(7), 855.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10070855] [PMID: 29966389]
[2]
Khalsa, K.P.S.; Tierra, M. The Way of Ayurvedic Herbs; Lotus Press: Twin Lakes, WI, USA, 2008.
[3]
Skenderi, G. Herbal Vade Mecum Rutherford; Herbacy Press: Rutherford, NJ, USA, 2003.
[4]
Vaughn, A.R.; Branum, A.; Sivamani, R.K. Effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa) on skin health: A systematic review of the clinical evi-dence. Phytother. Res., 2016, 30(8), 1243-1264.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5640] [PMID: 27213821]
[5]
Suresh, D.; Chaudhari, Y.S.; Borole, P.; Mishra, P.T.; Shenghani, K.; Duvvuri, P. Degradation studies of curcumin. Int. J. Pharma Res. Rev., 2013, 3, 50-55.
[6]
Sanidad, K.Z.; Zhu, J.; Wang, W.; Du, Z.; Zhang, G. Effects of stable degradation products of curcumin on cancer cell proliferation and inflammation. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2016, 64(48), 9189-9195.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04343] [PMID: 27933995]
[7]
Aggarwal, B.B.; Kumar, A.; Bharti, A.C. Anticancer potential of curcumin: Preclinical and clinical studies. Anticancer Res., 2003, 23(1A), 363-398.
[PMID: 12680238]
[8]
Shaveta, S.; Shweta, P.; Upendra, J. Development and evaluation of topical gel of curcumin from different combination of polymers for-mulation and evaluation of herbal gel. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 2012, 4, 452-456.
[9]
Phan, T.T.; See, P.; Lee, S.T.; Chan, S-Y. Protective effects of curcumin against oxidative damage on skin cells in vitro: Its implication for wound healing. J. Trauma, 2001, 51(5), 927-931.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-200111000-00017 ] [PMID: 11706342]
[10]
Ruby, A.J.; Kuttan, G.; Babu, K.D.; Rajasekharan, K.N.; Kuttan, R. Anti-tumour and antioxidant activity of natural curcuminoids. Cancer Lett., 1995, 94(1), 79-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(95)03827-J] [PMID: 7621448]
[11]
Wahlström, B.; Blennow, G. A study on the fate of curcumin in the rat. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. (Copenh.), 1978, 43(2), 86-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1978.tb02240.x ] [PMID: 696348]
[12]
Lao, C.D.; Ruffin, M.T., IV; Normolle, D.; Heath, D.D.; Murray, S.I.; Bailey, J.M.; Boggs, M.E.; Crowell, J.; Rock, C.L.; Brenner, D.E. Dose escalation of a curcuminoid formulation. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 2006, 6(1), 10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-6-10] [PMID: 16545122]
[13]
Kharat, M.; Du, Z.; Zhang, G.; McClements, D.J. Physical and chemical stability of curcumin in aqueous solutions and emulsions: Impact of pH, temperature and molecular environment. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2017, 65(8), 1525-1532.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04815] [PMID: 27935709]
[14]
He, Y.; Yue, Y.; Zheng, X.; Zhang, K.; Chen, S.; Du, Z. Curcumin, inflammation, and chronic diseases: How are they linked? Molecules, 2015, 20(5), 9183-9213.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules20059183] [PMID: 26007179]
[15]
Ghosh, S.; Banerjee, S.; Sil, P.C. The beneficial role of curcumin on inflammation, diabetes and neurodegenerative disease: A recent up-date. Food Chem. Toxicol., 2015, 83, 111-124.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2015.05.022] [PMID: 26066364]
[16]
Zandi, K.; Ramedani, E.; Mohammadi, K.; Tajbakhsh, S.; Deilami, I.; Rastian, Z.; Fouladvand, M.; Yousefi, F.; Farshadpour, F. Evaluation of antiviral activities of curcumin derivatives against HSV-1 in Vero cell line. Nat. Prod. Commun., 2010, 5(12), 1935-1938.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1000501220] [PMID: 21299124]
[17]
Moghadamtousi, S.Z.; Kadir, H.A.; Hassandarvish, P.; Tajik, H.; Abubakar, S.; Zandi, K. A review on antibacterial, antiviral, and antifun-gal activity of curcumin. BioMed Res. Int., 2014, 2014, 186864.
[PMID: 24877064]
[18]
Sandur, S.K.; Ichikawa, H.; Pandey, M.K.; Kunnumakkara, A.B.; Sung, B.; Sethi, G.; Aggarwal, B.B. Role of pro-oxidants and antioxidants in the anti-inflammatory and apoptotic effects of curcumin (diferuloylmethane). Free Radic. Biol. Med., 2007, 43(4), 568-580.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.05.009 ] [PMID: 17640567]
[19]
Gupta, S.C.; Patchva, S.; Aggarwal, B.B. Therapeutic roles of curcumin: Lessons learned from clinical trials. AAPS J., 2013, 15(1), 195-218.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12248-012-9432-8] [PMID: 23143785]
[20]
Aggarwal, B.B.; Harikumar, K.B. Potential therapeutic effects of curcumin, the anti-inflammatory agent, against neurodegenerative, cardio-vascular, pulmonary, metabolic, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 2009, 41(1), 40-59.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2008.06.010] [PMID: 18662800]
[21]
Wang, S.L.; Li, Y.; Wen, Y.; Chen, Y.F.; Na, L.X.; Li, S.T.; Sun, C.H. Curcumin, a potential inhibitor of up-regulation of TNF-alpha and IL-6 induced by palmitate in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through NF-kappaB and JNK pathway. Biomed. Environ. Sci., 2009, 22(1), 32-39.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0895-3988(09)60019-2 ] [PMID: 19462685]
[22]
Kuptniratsaikul, V.; Dajpratham, P.; Taechaarpornkul, W.; Buntragulpoontawee, M.; Lukkanapichonchut, P.; Chootip, C.; Saengsuwan, J.; Tantayakom, K.; Laongpech, S. Efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts compared with ibuprofen in patients with knee osteo-arthritis: A multicenter study. Clin. Interv. Aging, 2014, 9, 451-458.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S58535] [PMID: 24672232]
[23]
Mazzolani, F.; Togni, S. Oral administration of a curcumin-phospholipid delivery system for the treatment of central serous chorioreti-nopathy: A 12-month follow-up study. Clin. Ophthalmol., 2013, 7, 939-945.
[PMID: 23723686]
[24]
Allegri, P.; Mastromarino, A.; Neri, P. Management of chronic anterior uveitis relapses: Efficacy of oral phospholipidic curcumin treat-ment. Long-term follow-up. Clin. Ophthalmol., 2010, 4, 1201-1206.
[PMID: 21060672]
[25]
Trujillo, J.; Chirino, Y.I.; Molina-Jijón, E.; Andérica-Romero, A.C.; Tapia, E.; Pedraza-Chaverrí, J. Renoprotective effect of the antioxidant curcumin: Recent findings. Redox Biol., 2013, 1(1), 448-456.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2013.09.003] [PMID: 24191240]
[26]
Anand, P.; Kunnumakkara, A.B.; Newman, R.A.; Aggarwal, B.B. Bioavailability of curcumin: Problems and promises. Mol. Pharm., 2007, 4(6), 807-818.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/mp700113r] [PMID: 17999464]
[27]
Han, H.K. The effects of black pepper on the intestinal absorption and hepatic metabolism of drugs. Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol., 2011, 7(6), 721-729.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17425255.2011.570332] [PMID: 21434835]
[28]
Shoba, G.; Joy, D.; Joseph, T.; Majeed, M.; Rajendran, R.; Srinivas, P.S. Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of curcumin in animals and human volunteers. Planta Med., 1998, 64(4), 353-356.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957450] [PMID: 9619120]
[29]
Chattopadhyay, I.; Biswas, K.; Bandyopadhyay, U.; Banerjee, R.K. Turmeric and curcumin: Biological actions and medicinal applications. Curr. Sci., 2004, 87(1), 44-53.
[30]
Srimal, R.C.; Dhawan, B.N. Pharmacology of diferuloyl methane (curcumin), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 1973, 25(6), 447-452.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1973.tb09131.x ] [PMID: 4146582]
[31]
Okada, K.; Wangpoengtrakul, C.; Tanaka, T.; Toyokuni, S.; Uchida, K.; Osawa, T. Curcumin and especially tetrahydrocurcumin ameliorate oxidative stress-induced renal injury in mice. J. Nutr., 2001, 131(8), 2090-2095.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/131.8.2090] [PMID: 11481399]
[32]
Panahi, Y.; Saadat, A.; Beiraghdar, F.; Sahebkar, A. Adjuvant therapy with bioavailability-boosted curcuminoids suppresses systemic inflammation and improves quality of life in patients with solid tumors: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Phytother. Res., 2014, 28(10), 1461-1467.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5149] [PMID: 24648302]
[33]
Heng, M.C.; Song, M.K.; Harker, J.; Heng, M.K. Drug-induced suppression of phosphorylase kinase activity correlates with resolution of psoriasis as assessed by clinical, histological and immunohistochemical parameters. Br. J. Dermatol., 2000, 143(5), 937-949.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03767.x ] [PMID: 11069500]
[34]
Bosman, B. Testing of lipoxygenase inhibitors, cyclooxygenase inhibitors, drugs with immunomodulating properties and some reference antipsoriatic drugs in the modified mouse tail test, an animal model of psoriasis. Skin Pharmacol., 1994, 7(6), 324-334.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000211314] [PMID: 7946375]
[35]
Kurd, S.K.; Smith, N.; VanVoorhees, A.; Troxel, A.B.; Badmaev, V.; Seykora, J.T.; Gelfand, J.M. Oral curcumin in the treatment of mod-erate to severe psoriasis vulgaris: A prospective clinical trial. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 2008, 58(4), 625-631.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2007.12.035] [PMID: 18249471]
[36]
Goren, A.; Salafia, A.; McCoy, J.; Keene, S.; Lotti, T.; Petrusevska, A. Novel topical cream delivers safe and effective alternative to tradi-tional psoriasis phototherapy. Dermatol. Ther. , 2014, 27(5), 260-263.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dth.12132] [PMID: 24773915]
[37]
Lotti, T. Something new under the sun in the field of psoriasis? Dermatol. Ther., 2010, 23(2), 99-100.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8019.2010.01302.x ] [PMID: 20415815]
[38]
Barygina, V.V.; Becatti, M.; Soldi, G.; Prignano, F.; Lotti, T.; Nassi, P.; Wright, D.; Taddei, N.; Fiorillo, C. Altered redox status in the blood of psoriatic patients: Involvement of NADPH oxidase and role of anti-TNF-α therapy. Redox Rep., 2013, 18(3), 100-106.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1351000213Y.0000000045] [PMID: 23601139]
[39]
Reddy, S.; Aggarwal, B.B. Curcumin is a non-competitive and selective inhibitor of phosphorylase kinase. FEBS Lett., 1994, 341(1), 19-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(94)80232-7] [PMID: 7511111]
[40]
Guo, T.; Lu, J.; Fan, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Yin, S.; Sha, X.; Feng, N. TPGS assists the percutaneous administration of curcumin and glycyrrhetinic acid coloaded functionalized ethosomes for the synergistic treatment of psoriasis. Int. J. Pharm., 2021, 604, 120762.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120762] [PMID: 34082000]
[41]
Rendon, A.; Schäkel, K. Psoriasis pathogenesis and treatment. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2019, 20(6), 1475.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061475] [PMID: 30909615]
[42]
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Global Burden of Disease Study 2010: Results by Cause 1990-2010; IHME: Seattle, 2012.
[43]
Zagórska-Dziok, M.; Sobczak, M. Hydrogel-based active substance release systems for cosmetology and dermatology application: A re-view. Pharmaceutics, 2020, 12(5), 396.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12050396 ] [PMID: 32357389]
[44]
Kulawik-Pióro, A.; Miastkowska, M. Polymeric gels and their application in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris: A review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2021, 22(10), 5124.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105124] [PMID: 34066105]
[45]
Duffin, K.C.; Chandran, V.; Gladman, D.D.; Krueger, G.G.; Elder, J.T.; Rahman, P. Genetics of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: Update and future direction. J. Rheumatol., 2008, 35(7), 1449-1453.
[PMID: 18609743]
[46]
Beltrán-Sánchez, H.; Harhay, M.O.; Harhay, M.M.; McElligott, S. Prevalence and trends of metabolic syndrome in the adult U.S. popula-tion, 1999-2010. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2013, 62(8), 697-703.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.064] [PMID: 23810877]
[47]
Harden, J.L.; Krueger, J.G.; Bowcock, A.M. The immunogenetics of Psoriasis: A comprehensive review. J. Autoimmun., 2015, 64, 66-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2015.07.008] [PMID: 26215033]
[48]
Boehncke, W.H.; Schön, M.P. Psoriasis. Lancet, 2015, 386(9997), 983-994.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61909-7 ] [PMID: 26025581]
[49]
Pariser, D.; Schenkel, B.; Carter, C.; Farahi, K.; Brown, T.M.; Ellis, C.N. A multicenter, non-interventional study to evaluate patient-reported experiences of living with psoriasis. J. Dermatolog. Treat., 2016, 27(1), 19-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09546634.2015.1044492 ] [PMID: 26138406]
[50]
Alshami, M.A. Clinical profile of psoriasis in Yemen, a 4-year retrospective study of 241 patients. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol., 2010, 24(4), 14.
[51]
Falodun, O.A. Characteristics of patients with psoriasis seen at the dermatology clinic of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria: A 4-year review. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol., 2013, 27(4), 2008-2012.
[52]
Reich, K.; Krüger, K.; Mössner, R.; Augustin, M. Epidemiology and clinical pattern of psoriatic arthritis in Germany: A prospective inter-disciplinary epidemiological study of 1511 patients with plaque-type psoriasis. Br. J. Dermatol., 2009, 160(5), 1040-1047.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.09023.x ] [PMID: 19210498]
[53]
Bedi, T.R. Clinical profile of psoriasis in North India. Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol., 1995, 61(4), 202-205.
[PMID: 20952954]
[54]
Augustin, M.; Radtke, M.A.; Glaeske, G.; Reich, K.; Christophers, E.; Schaefer, I.; Jacobi, A. Epidemiology and comorbidity in children with psoriasis and atopic eczema. Dermatology, 2015, 231(1), 35-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000381913] [PMID: 25966818]
[55]
Vena, G.A.; Altomare, G.; Ayala, F.; Berardesca, E.; Calzavara-Pinton, P.; Chimenti, S.; Giannetti, A.; Girolomoni, G.; Lotti, T.; Martini, P.; Mazzaglia, G.; Peserico, A.; Puglisi Guerra, A.; Sini, G.; Cassano, N.; Cricelli, C. Incidence of psoriasis and association with comorbidities in Italy: A 5-year observational study from a national primary care database. Eur. J. Dermatol., 2010, 20(5), 593-598.
[PMID: 20605768]
[56]
WHO. World psoriasis day—document EB133.R2, agenda item 6.2. 2013. Available from: http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_fi les/EB133/B133_ R2-en.pdf(Accessed Apr 8, 2022).
[57]
Bowcock, A.M.; Cookson, W.O. The genetics of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and atopic dermatitis. Hum Mol Genet, 2004, 13 Spec.(1), 43-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddh094]
[58]
Liu, Y.; Krueger, J.G.; Bowcock, A.M. Psoriasis: Genetic associations and immune system changes. Genes Immun., 2007, 8(1), 1-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.gene.6364351] [PMID: 17093502]
[59]
Chandran, V.; Raychaudhuri, S.P. Geoepidemiology and environmental factors of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. J. Autoimmun., 2010, 34(3), J314-J321.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2009.12.001] [PMID: 20034760]
[60]
Reich, A.; Wójcik-Maciejewicz, A.; Slominski, A.T. Stress and the skin. G. Ital. Dermatol. Venereol., 2010, 145(2), 213-219.
[PMID: 20467395]
[61]
Kupczyk, P.; Reich, A. Hołysz, M.; Szepietowski, J. Expression of MOR and KOR opioid receptors and OPRK1 gene in psoriasis pa-tients. Przegl. Dermatol., 2012, 99, 467-468.
[62]
Gelfand, J.M.; Neimann, A.L.; Shin, D.B.; Wang, X.; Margolis, D.J.; Troxel, A.B. Risk of myocardial infarction in patients with psoriasis. JAMA, 2006, 296(14), 1735-1741.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.296.14.1735] [PMID: 17032986]
[63]
Partyka, A.; Czopek, A.; Stanisz-Wallis, K.; Zagórska, A. The use of biopharmaceuticals in the treatment of psoriasis. Postepy Hig. Med. Dosw., 2018, 72, 642-658.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.2026]
[64]
Menter, A.; Griffiths, C.E. Current and future management of psoriasis. Lancet, 2007, 370(9583), 272-284.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61129-5 ] [PMID: 17658398]
[65]
Raychaudhuri, S.P.; Gross, J. Psoriasis risk factors: Role of lifestyle practices. Cutis, 2000, 66(5), 348-352.
[66]
Gelfand, J.M.; Feldman, S.R.; Stern, R.S.; Thomas, J.; Rolstad, T.; Margolis, D.J. Determinants of quality of life in patients with psoriasis: A study from the US population. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 2004, 51(5), 704-708.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2004.04.014] [PMID: 15523347]
[67]
Rapp, S.R.; Feldman, S.R.; Exum, M.L.; Fleischer, A.B., Jr; Reboussin, D.M. Psoriasis causes as much disability as other major medical diseases. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 1999, 41(3 Pt 1), 401-407.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0190-9622(99)70112-X ] [PMID: 10459113]
[68]
Lebwohl, M.; Menter, A.; Koo, J.; Feldman, S.R. Combination therapy to treat moderate to severe psoriasis. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 2004, 50(3), 416-430.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2002.12.002] [PMID: 14988684]
[69]
Peters, B.P.; Weissman, F.G.; Gill, M.A. Pathophysiology and treatment of psoriasis. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., 2000, 57(7), 645-659.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/57.7.645] [PMID: 10768819]
[71]
Christophers, E. Psoriasis--epidemiology and clinical spectrum. Clin. Exp. Dermatol., 2001, 26(4), 314-320.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.2001.00832.x ] [PMID: 11422182]
[72]
Mrowietz, U.; Elder, J.T.; Barker, J. The importance of disease associations and concomitant therapy for the long-term management of psoriasis patients. Arch. Dermatol. Res., 2006, 298(7), 309-319.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00403-006-0707-8] [PMID: 17021761]
[73]
Schön, M.P.; Boehncke, W.H. Psoriasis. N. Engl. J. Med., 2005, 352(18), 1899-1912.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra041320] [PMID: 15872205]
[74]
Jacobson, C.C.; Kumar, S.; Kimball, A.B. Latitude and psoriasis prevalence. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 2011, 65(4), 870-873.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2009.05.047] [PMID: 21920244]
[75]
Balato, N.; Di Costanzo, L.; Patruno, C.; Patrì, A.; Ayala, F. Effect of weather and environmental factors on the clinical course of psoriasis. Occup. Environ. Med., 2013, 70(8), 600.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2013-101505] [PMID: 23674841]
[76]
Griffiths, C.E.M.; Barker, J.N.W.N. Pathogenesis and clinical features of psoriasis. Lancet, 2007, 370(9583), 263-271.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61128-3 ] [PMID: 17658397]
[77]
Capon, F.; Di Meglio, P.; Szaub, J.; Prescott, N.J.; Dunster, C.; Baumber, L.; Timms, K.; Gutin, A.; Abkevic, V.; Burden, A.D.; Lanchbury, J.; Barker, J.N.; Trembath, R.C.; Nestle, F.O. Sequence variants in the genes for the interleukin-23 receptor (IL23R) and its ligand (IL12B) confer protection against psoriasis. Hum. Genet., 2007, 122(2), 201-206.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00439-007-0397-0] [PMID: 17587057]
[78]
Levine, D.; Gottlieb, A. Evaluation and management of psoriasis: An internist’s guide. Med. Clin. North Am., 2009, 93(6), 1291-1303.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2009.08.003] [PMID: 19932332]
[79]
van de Kerkhof, P.C. The Woronoff zone surrounding the psoriatic plaque. Br. J. Dermatol., 1998, 139(1), 167-168.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02347.x ] [PMID: 9764182]
[80]
Krishnamurthy, K.; Walker, A.; Gropper, C.A.; Hoffman, C. To treat or not to treat? Management of guttate psoriasis and pityriasis rosea in patients with evidence of group A Streptococcal infection. J. Drugs Dermatol., 2010, 9(3), 241-250.
[PMID: 20232586]
[81]
Naldi, L.; Peli, L.; Parazzini, F.; Carrel, C.F. Family history of psoriasis, stressful life events, and recent infectious disease are risk factors for a first episode of acute guttate psoriasis: Results of a case-control study. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 2001, 44(3), 433-438.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2001.110876] [PMID: 11209111]
[82]
Martin, B.A.; Chalmers, R.J.; Telfer, N.R. How great is the risk of further psoriasis following a single episode of acute guttate psoriasis? Arch. Dermatol., 1996, 132(6), 717-718.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1996.03890300147032] [PMID: 8651734]
[83]
Sagoo, G.S.; Tazi-Ahnini, R.; Barker, J.W.; Elder, J.T.; Nair, R.P.; Samuelsson, L.; Traupe, H.; Trembath, R.C.; Robinson, D.A.; Iles, M.M. Meta-analysis of genome-wide studies of psoriasis susceptibility reveals linkage to chromosomes 6p21 and 4q28-q31 in Caucasian and Chinese Hans population. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2004, 122(6), 1401-1405.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22607.x ] [PMID: 15175030]
[84]
Asumalahti, K.; Ameen, M.; Suomela, S.; Hagforsen, E.; Michaëlsson, G.; Evans, J.; Munro, M.; Veal, C.; Allen, M.; Leman, J.; David Burden, A.; Kirby, B.; Connolly, M.; Griffiths, C.E.; Trembath, R.C.; Kere, J.; Saarialho-Kere, U.; Barker, J.N. Genetic analysis of PSORS1 distinguishes guttate psoriasis and palmoplantar pustulosis. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2003, 120(4), 627-632.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12094.x ] [PMID: 12648227]
[85]
Navarini, A.A.; Burden, A.D.; Capon, F.; Mrowietz, U.; Puig, L.; Köks, S.; Kingo, K.; Smith, C.; Barker, J.N.; Network, E. European con-sensus statement on phenotypes of pustular psoriasis. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol., 2017, 31(11), 1792-1799.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jdv.14386] [PMID: 28585342]
[86]
Farber, E.M.; Nall, L. Erythrodermic (exfoliative) psoriasis. Cutis, 1993, 51(2), 79-82.
[PMID: 8453895]
[87]
Balasubramaniam, P.; Berth-Jones, J. Erythroderma: 90% skin failure. Hosp. Med., 2004, 65(2), 100-102.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/hosp.2004.65.2.12068] [PMID: 14997777]
[88]
Kim, G.W.; Jung, H.J.; Ko, H.C.; Kim, M.B.; Lee, W.J.; Lee, S.J.; Kim, D.W.; Kim, B-S. Dermoscopy can be useful in differentiating scalp psoriasis from seborrhoeic dermatitis. Br. J. Dermatol., 2011, 164(3), 652-656.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10180.x ] [PMID: 21155753]
[89]
El Shabrawi-Caelen, L.; Kerl, H.; Cerroni, L. Melan-A: Not a helpful marker in distinction between melanoma in situ on sun-damaged skin and pigmented actinic keratosis. Am. J. Dermatopathol., 2004, 26(5), 364-366.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000372-200410000-00003 ] [PMID: 15365366]
[90]
Meeuwis, K.A.; de Hullu, J.A.; de Jager, M.E.; Massuger, L.F.; van de Kerkhof, P.C.; van Rossum, M.M. Genital psoriasis: A question-naire-based survey on a concealed skin disease in the Netherlands. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol., 2010, 24(12), 1425-1430.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03663.x ] [PMID: 20384688]
[91]
Salomon, J.; Szepietowski, J.C.; Proniewicz, A. Psoriatic nails: A prospective clinical study. J. Cutan. Med. Surg., 2003, 7(4), 317-321.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10227-002-0143-0] [PMID: 12879333]
[92]
Wozel, G. Psoriasis treatment in difficult locations: Scalp, nails, and intertriginous areas. Clin. Dermatol., 2008, 26(5), 448-459.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.10.026 ] [PMID: 18755363]
[93]
Chimenti, M.S.; Ballanti, E.; Perricone, C.; Cipriani, P.; Giacomelli, R.; Perricone, R. Immunomodulation in psoriatic arthritis: Focus on cellular and molecular pathways. Autoimmun. Rev., 2013, 12(5), 599-606.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2012.10.002] [PMID: 23183378]
[94]
Apel, M.; Uebe, S.; Bowes, J.; Giardina, E.; Korendowych, E.; Juneblad, K.; Pasutto, F.; Ekici, A.B.; McManus, R.; Ho, P.; Bruce, I.N.; Ryan, A.W.; Behrens, F.; Böhm, B.; Traupe, H.; Lohmann, J.; Gieger, C.; Wichmann, H.E.; Padyukov, L.; Fitzgerald, O.; Alenius, G.M.; McHugh, N.J.; Novelli, G.; Burkhardt, H.; Barton, A.; Reis, A.; Hüffmeier, U. Variants in RUNX3 contribute to susceptibility to psoriatic arthritis, exhibiting further common ground with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum., 2013, 65(5), 1224-1231.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.37885] [PMID: 23401011]
[95]
Chen, Z.; O’Shea, J.J. Th17 cells: A new fate for differentiating helper T cells. Immunol. Res., 2008, 41(2), 87-102.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12026-007-8014-9] [PMID: 18172584]
[96]
Solomon, D.H.; Goodson, N.J.; Katz, J.N.; Weinblatt, M.E.; Avorn, J.; Setoguchi, S.; Canning, C.; Schneeweiss, S. Patterns of cardiovascu-lar risk in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2006, 65(12), 1608-1612.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2005.050377] [PMID: 16793844]
[97]
Nestle, F.O.; Kaplan, D.H.; Barker, J. Psoriasis. N. Engl. J. Med., 2009, 361(5), 496-509.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra0804595] [PMID: 19641206]
[98]
Sano, S.; Chan, K.S.; Carbajal, S.; Clifford, J.; Peavey, M.; Kiguchi, K.; Itami, S.; Nickoloff, B.J.; DiGiovanni, J. Stat3 links activated keratinocytes and immunocytes required for development of psoriasis in a novel transgenic mouse model. Nat. Med., 2005, 11(1), 43-49.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1162] [PMID: 15592573]
[99]
Nestle, F.O.; Conrad, C.; Tun-Kyi, A.; Homey, B.; Gombert, M.; Boyman, O.; Burg, G.; Liu, Y.J.; Gilliet, M. Plasmacytoid predendritic cells initiate psoriasis through interferon-alpha production. J. Exp. Med., 2005, 202(1), 135-143.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20050500] [PMID: 15998792]
[100]
Lande, R.; Gregorio, J.; Facchinetti, V.; Chatterjee, B.; Wang, Y.H.; Homey, B.; Cao, W.; Wang, Y.H.; Su, B.; Nestle, F.O.; Zal, T.; Mell-man, I.; Schröder, J.M.; Liu, Y.J.; Gilliet, M. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells sense self-DNA coupled with antimicrobial peptide. Nature, 2007, 449(7162), 564-569.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06116] [PMID: 17873860]
[101]
Conrad, C.; Boyman, O.; Tonel, G.; Tun-Kyi, A.; Laggner, U.; de Fougerolles, A.; Kotelianski, V.; Gardner, H.; Nestle, F.O. Alpha1beta1 integrin is crucial for accumulation of epidermal T cells and the development of psoriasis. Nat. Med., 2007, 13(7), 836-842.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1605] [PMID: 17603494]
[102]
Weigle, N.; McBane, S. Psoriasis. Am. Fam. Physician, 2013, 87(9), 626-633.
[PMID: 23668525]
[103]
Johnson, M.A.N.; Armstrong, A.W. Clinical and histologic diagnostic guidelines for psoriasis: A critical review. Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol., 2013, 44(2), 166-172.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12016-012-8305-3] [PMID: 22278173]
[104]
Mease, P.J.; Armstrong, A.W. Managing patients with psoriatic disease: The diagnosis and pharmacologic treatment of psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis. Drugs, 2014, 74(4), 423-441.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40265-014-0191-y] [PMID: 24566842]
[105]
Nevitt, G.J.; Hutchinson, P.E. Psoriasis in the community: Prevalence, severity and patients’ beliefs and attitudes towards the disease. Br. J. Dermatol., 1996, 135(4), 533-537.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb03826.x ] [PMID: 8915141]
[106]
Henseler, T.; Christophers, E. Psoriasis of early and late onset: Characterization of two types of psoriasis vulgaris. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 1985, 13(3), 450-456.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0190-9622(85)70188-0] [PMID: 4056119]
[107]
Kumar, B.; Jain, R.; Sandhu, K.; Kaur, I.; Handa, S. Epidemiology of childhood psoriasis: A study of 419 patients from northern India. Int. J. Dermatol., 2004, 43(9), 654-658.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02182.x ] [PMID: 15357744]
[108]
Raychaudhuri, S.P.; Gross, J. A comparative study of pediatric onset psoriasis with adult onset psoriasis. Pediatr. Dermatol., 2000, 17(3), 174-178.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1470.2000.01746.x ] [PMID: 10886746]
[109]
Nyfors, A. Psoriasis in children: Characteristics, prognosis and therapy. A review. Acta Derm. Venereol. Suppl. (Stockh.), 1981, 95, 47-53.
[PMID: 7046324]
[110]
Gelfand, J.M.; Weinstein, R.; Porter, S.B.; Neimann, A.L.; Berlin, J.A.; Margolis, D.J. Prevalence and treatment of psoriasis in the United Kingdom: A population-based study. Arch. Dermatol., 2005, 141(12), 1537-1541.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.141.12.1537] [PMID: 16365254]
[111]
Augustin, M.; Glaeske, G.; Radtke, M.A.; Christophers, E.; Reich, K.; Schäfer, I. Epidemiology and comorbidity of psoriasis in children. Br. J. Dermatol., 2010, 162(3), 633-636.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09593.x ] [PMID: 19922529]
[112]
Matusiewicz, D.; Koerber, A.; Schadendorf, D.; Wasem, J.; Neumann, A. Childhood psoriasis--an analysis of German health insurance data. Pediatr. Dermatol., 2014, 31(1), 8-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pde.12205] [PMID: 24111584]
[113]
Seyhan, M. Co kun, B.K.; Sağlam, H.; Ozcan, H.; Karincaoğlu, Y. Psoriasis in childhood and adolescence: Evaluation of demographic and clinical features. Pediatr. Int., 2006, 48(6), 525-530.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200X.2006.02270.x ] [PMID: 17168968]
[114]
Chen, G.Y.; Cheng, Y.W.; Wang, C.Y.; Hsu, T.J.; Hsu, M.M.; Yang, P.T.; Chen, W.C. Prevalence of skin diseases among schoolchildren in Magong, Penghu, Taiwan: A community-based clinical survey. J. Formos. Med. Assoc., 2008, 107(1), 21-29.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0929-6646(08)60004-2 ] [PMID: 18218574]
[115]
Chiam, L.Y.; de Jager, M.E.; Giam, Y.C.; de Jong, E.M.; van de Kerkhof, P.C.; Seyger, M.M. Juvenile psoriasis in European and Asian children: Similarities and differences. Br. J. Dermatol., 2011, 164(5), 1101-1103.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10196.x ] [PMID: 21418172]
[116]
Yang, Y.C.; Cheng, Y.W.; Lai, C.S.; Chen, W. Prevalence of childhood acne, ephelides, warts, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, alopecia areata and keloid in Kaohsiung County, Taiwan: A community-based clinical survey. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol., 2007, 21(5), 643-649.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.02036.x ] [PMID: 17447978]
[117]
De Jager, M.E.; Van de Kerkhof, P.C.; De Jong, E.M.; Seyger, M.M. Epidemiology and prescribed treatments in childhood psoriasis: A survey among medical professionals. J. Dermatolog. Treat., 2009, 20(5), 254-258.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546630902911847] [PMID: 19418330]
[118]
Howard, R.; Tsuchiya, A. Adult skin disease in the pediatric patient. Dermatol. Clin., 1998, 16(3), 593-608.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0733-8635(05)70255-2] [PMID: 9704214]
[119]
Bilgic, A.; Bilgic, Ö. Akış H.K.; Eskioğlu, F.; Kılıç, E.Z. Psychiatric symptoms and health-related quality of life in children and adoles-cents with psoriasis. Pediatr. Dermatol., 2010, 27(6), 614-617.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1470.2010.01195.x ] [PMID: 21078106]
[120]
Tollefson, M.M. Diagnosis and management of psoriasis in children. Pediatr. Clin. North Am., 2014, 61(2), 261-277.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2013.11.003] [PMID: 24636645]
[121]
Shah, K.N. Diagnosis and treatment of pediatric psoriasis: Current and future. Am. J. Clin. Dermatol., 2013, 14(3), 195-213.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40257-013-0026-8] [PMID: 23677694]
[122]
Benoit, S.; Hamm, H. Childhood psoriasis. Clin. Dermatol., 2007, 25(6), 555-562.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.08.009 ] [PMID: 18021892]
[123]
Ray-Jones, H.; Eyre, S.; Barton, A.; Warren, R.B. One SNP at a time: Moving beyond GWAS in psoriasis. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2016, 136(3), 567-573.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2015.11.025] [PMID: 26811024]
[124]
Silverberg, N.B. Pediatric psoriasis: An update. Ther. Clin. Risk Manag., 2009, 5, 849-856.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S4908] [PMID: 19898649]
[125]
Sugiura, K. The genetic background of generalized pustular psoriasis: IL36RN mutations and CARD14 gain-of-function variants. J. Dermatol. Sci., 2014, 74(3), 187-192.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.02.006] [PMID: 24656634]
[126]
Suarez-Almazor, M.; Russell, A. The genetics of psoriasis. Haplotype sharing in sibs with the disease. Arch Dermato1, 1990, 126, 1040-1042.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1990.01670320064009]
[127]
Bardolph, E.; Ashton, R. Psoriasis: A review of present and future management. Nurs. Stand., 1998, 12(21), 43-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.12.21.43.s48] [PMID: 9538767]
[128]
van Steensel, M.A.; Steijlen, P.M. Genetics of psoriasis. Clin. Dermatol., 1997, 15(5), 669-675.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0738-081X(97)00025-4 ] [PMID: 9313965]
[129]
Dowlatshahi, E.A.; Wakkee, M.; Arends, L.R.; Nijsten, T. The prevalence and odds of depressive symptoms and clinical depression in psoriasis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2014, 134(6), 1542-1551.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2013.508] [PMID: 24284419]
[130]
Warren, R.B.; Weatherhead, S.C.; Smith, C.H.; Exton, L.S.; Mohd Mustapa, M.F.; Kirby, B.; Yesudian, P.D.; McHenry, P.M.; Gibbon, K.; Buckley, D.A.; Nasr, I.; Swale, V.J.; Duarte Williamson, C.E.; Leslie, T.; Mallon, E.; Wakelin, S.; Ungureanu, S.; Hunasehally, P.; Cork, M.; Donnelly, J.; Saunders, C.; Brain, A.G. British Association of Dermatologists’ guidelines for the safe and effective prescribing of methotrexate for skin disease 2016. Br. J. Dermatol., 2016, 175(1), 23-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjd.14816] [PMID: 27484275]
[131]
Schadler, E.D.; Ortel, B.; Mehlis, S.L. Biologics for the primary care physician: Review and treatment of psoriasis. Dis. Mon., 2019, 65(3), 51-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.disamonth.2018.06.001 ] [PMID: 30037762]
[132]
Tagami, H. Triggering factors. Clin. Dermatol., 1997, 15(5), 677-685.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0738-081X(97)00024-2 ] [PMID: 9313966]
[133]
Baker, B.S.; Swain, A.F.; Fry, L.; Valdimarsson, H. Epidermal T lymphocytes and HLA-DR expression in psoriasis. Br. J. Dermatol., 1984, 110(5), 555-564.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04678.x ] [PMID: 6232938]
[134]
Shibata, S.; Saeki, H.; Tada, Y.; Karakawa, M.; Komine, M.; Tamaki, K. Serum high molecular weight adiponectin levels are decreased in psoriasis patients. J. Dermatol. Sci., 2009, 55(1), 62-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2009.02.009] [PMID: 19395243]
[135]
Kumar, S.; Han, J.; Li, T.; Qureshi, A.A.; Choi, H.K.; Qureshi, A.A. Obesity, waist circumference, weight change and the risk of psoriasis in US women. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol., 2013, 27(10), 1293-1298.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jdv.12001] [PMID: 23057623]
[136]
Sondergaard, J.; Wadskov, S.; Jensen, H.A.; Mikkelsen, H.I. Aggravation of psoriasis and occurrence of psoriasiform cutaneous eruptions induced by practolol (Eraldin). Acta Derm. Venereol., 1976, 56(3), 239-243.
[137]
Seville, R.H. Psoriasis and stress. Br. J. Dermatol., 1977, 97(3), 297-302.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb15186.x ] [PMID: 921900]
[138]
Zhou, C.; Yu, X.; Cai, D.; Liu, C.; Li, C. Role of corticotropin-releasing hormone and receptor in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Med. Hypotheses, 2009, 73(4), 513-515.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2009.02.051] [PMID: 19560286]
[139]
Naldi, L.; Peli, L.; Parazzini, F. Association of early-stage psoriasis with smoking and male alcohol consumption: Evidence from an Italian case-control study. Arch. Dermatol., 1999, 135(12), 1479-1484.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.135.12.1479] [PMID: 10606053]
[140]
Mills, C.M.; Srivastava, E.D.; Harvey, I.M.; Swift, G.L.; Newcombe, R.G.; Holt, P.J.J.; Rhodes, J. Smoking habits in psoriasis: A case control study. Br. J. Dermatol., 1992, 127(1), 18-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb14818.x ] [PMID: 1637689]
[141]
Henseler, T. The genetics of psoriasis. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 1997, 37(2 Pt 3), S1-S11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0190-9622(97)80394-5] [PMID: 9270550]
[142]
Dunna, S.F.; Finlay, A.Y. Psoriasis: Improvement during and worsening after pregnancy. Br. J. Dermatol., 1989, 120(4), 584-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb01338.x] [PMID: 2730848]
[143]
Sowmya, C.; Lavakumar, V.; Venkateshan, N.; Anitha, P.; Senthilnathan, B. Current trends in treatment and management of psoriasis: An updated review. Int. Res. J. Pharm, 2018, 9(3), 6-16.
[144]
Bjørneboe, A.; Smith, A.K.; Bjørneboe, G.E.A.; Thune, P.O.; Drevon, C.A. Effect of dietary supplementation with n-3 fatty acids on clini-cal manifestations of psoriasis. Br. J. Dermatol., 1988, 118(1), 77-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb01753.x ] [PMID: 2829958]
[145]
Calder, P.C. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2006, 83(6)(Suppl.), 1505S-1519S.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1505S] [PMID: 16841861]
[146]
Bayliffe, A.I.; Brigandi, R.A.; Wilkins, H.J.; Levick, M.P. Emerging therapeutic targets in psoriasis. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol., 2004, 4(3), 306-310.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2004.02.003] [PMID: 15140425]
[147]
Lebwohl, M. Future psoriasis therapy. Dermatol. Clin., 1995, 13(4), 915-923.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0733-8635(18)30054-8] [PMID: 8785895]
[148]
Finlay, A.Y.; Ortonne, J.P. Patient satisfaction with psoriasis therapies: An update and introduction to biologic therapy. J. Cutan. Med. Surg., 2004, 8(5), 310-320.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/120347540400800502] [PMID: 15868312]
[149]
Fouéré, S.; Adjadj, L.; Pawin, H. How patients experience psoriasis: Results from a European survey. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol., 2005, 19(s3)(Suppl. 3), 2-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2005.01329.x ] [PMID: 16274404]
[150]
Dogra, S.; Yadav, S. Acitretin in psoriasis: An evolving scenario. Int. J. Dermatol., 2014, 53(5), 525-538.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijd.12365] [PMID: 24601982]
[151]
Montesinos, M.C.; Desai, A.; Delano, D.; Chen, J.F.; Fink, J.S.; Jacobson, M.A.; Cronstein, B.N. Adenosine A2A or A3 receptors are re-quired for inhibition of inflammation by methotrexate and its analog MX-68. Arthritis Rheum., 2003, 48(1), 240-247.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.10712] [PMID: 12528125]
[152]
Elango, T.; Dayalan, H.; Gnanaraj, P.; Malligarjunan, H.; Subramanian, S. Impact of methotrexate on oxidative stress and apoptosis mark-ers in psoriatic patients. Clin. Exp. Med., 2014, 14(4), 431-437.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10238-013-0252-7] [PMID: 23949337]
[153]
Salvarani, C.; Boiardi, L.; Macchioni, P.; Pipitone, N.; Catanoso, M.; Pigatto, P. Multidisciplinary focus on cyclosporin A. J. Rheumatol. Suppl., 2009, 83(0), 52-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.090225] [PMID: 19661542]
[154]
Papp, K.; Reich, K.; Leonardi, C.L.; Kircik, L.; Chimenti, S.; Langley, R.G.; Hu, C.; Stevens, R.M.; Day, R.M.; Gordon, K.B.; Korman, N.J.; Griffiths, C.E. Apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: Re-sults of a phase III, randomized, controlled trial (Efficacy and Safety Trial Evaluating the Effects of Apremilast in Psoriasis [ESTEEM] 1). J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 2015, 73(1), 37-49.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2015.03.049] [PMID: 26089047]
[155]
Nast, A.; Boehncke, W.H.; Mrowietz, U.; Ockenfels, H.M.; Philipp, S.; Reich, K.; Rosenbach, T.; Sammain, A.; Schlaeger, M.; Sebastian, M.; Sterry, W.; Streit, V.; Augustin, M.; Erdmann, R.; Klaus, J.; Koza, J.; Müller, S.; Orzechowski, H.D.; Rosumeck, S.; Schmid-Ott, G.; Weberschock, T.; Rzany, B. Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft (DDG); Berufsverband Deutscher Dermatologen (BVDD). S3 - Guidelines on the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris (short version). Arch. Dermatol. Res., 2012, 304(2), 87-113.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00403-012-1214-8] [PMID: 22350179]
[156]
Balak, D.M. Fumaric acid esters in the management of psoriasis. Psoriasis (Auckl.), 2015, 5, 9-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/PTT.S51490] [PMID: 29387578]
[157]
Pedraz, J.; Daudén, E.; Delgado-Jiménez, Y.; García-Río, I.; García-Díez, A. Sequential study on the treatment of moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis with mycophenolate mofetil and cyclosporin. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol., 2006, 20(6), 702-706.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01577.x ] [PMID: 16836499]
[158]
Mease, P.J.; Gladman, D.D.; Ritchlin, C.T.; Ruderman, E.M.; Steinfeld, S.D.; Choy, E.H.; Sharp, J.T.; Ory, P.A.; Perdok, R.J.; Weinberg, M.A. Adalimumab for the treatment of patients with moderately to severely active psoriatic arthritis: Results of a double-blind, random-ized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum., 2005, 52(10), 3279-3289.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.21306] [PMID: 16200601]
[159]
Gisondi, P.; Gubinelli, E.; Cocuroccia, B.; Girolomoni, G. Targeting tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the therapy of psoriasis. Curr. Drug Targets Inflamm. Allergy, 2004, 3(2), 175-183.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568010043343903] [PMID: 15180471]
[160]
Savage, L.J.; Wittmann, M.; McGonagle, D.; Helliwell, P.S. Ustekinumab in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatol. Ther., 2015, 2(1), 1-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40744-015-0010-2] [PMID: 27747495]
[161]
Leonardi, C.L.; Kimball, A.B.; Papp, K.A.; Yeilding, N.; Guzzo, C.; Wang, Y.; Li, S.; Dooley, L.T.; Gordon, K.B. Efficacy and safety of ustekinumab, a human interleukin-12/23 monoclonal antibody, in patients with psoriasis: 76-week results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (PHOENIX 1). Lancet, 2008, 371(9625), 1665-1674.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60725-4 ] [PMID: 18486739]
[162]
Klein, U.; Liang, E.; Vogel, B.; Kolbinger, F.; Bruin, G.; Lloyd, P. Immunogenicity of the anti-IL-17A antibody secukinumab in healthy subjects and patients. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2013, 133(Suppl. 1), S172.
[163]
Wong, T.; Hsu, L.; Liao, W. Phototherapy in psoriasis: A review of mechanisms of action. J. Cutan. Med. Surg., 2013, 17(1), 6-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7750.2012.11124] [PMID: 23364144]
[164]
Balato, N.; Patruno, C.; Napolitano, M.; Patrì, A.; Ayala, F.; Scarpa, R. Managing moderate-to-severe psoriasis in the elderly. Drugs Aging, 2014, 31(4), 233-238.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40266-014-0156-6] [PMID: 24554398]
[165]
Mervic, L. Management of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in pregnancy and lactation in the era of biologics. Acta Dermatovenerol. Alp. Panonica Adriat., 2014, 23(2), 27-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15570/actaapa.2014.7] [PMID: 24964946]
[166]
Versini, M.; Jeandel, P.Y.; Rosenthal, E.; Shoenfeld, Y. Obesity in autoimmune diseases: Not a passive bystander. Autoimmun. Rev., 2014, 13(9), 981-1000.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2014.07.001] [PMID: 25092612]
[167]
Chen, Y.J.; Wu, C.Y.; Shen, J.L.; Chu, S.Y.; Chen, C.K.; Chang, Y.T.; Chen, C.M. Psoriasis independently associated with hyperleptinemia contributing to metabolic syndrome. Arch. Dermatol., 2008, 144(12), 1571-1575.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.144.12.1571] [PMID: 19075139]
[168]
Badaoui, A.; Tounian, P.; Mahé, E. Psoriasis and metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities in children: A systematic review. Arch. Pediatr., 2019, 26(2), 86-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2018.12.005] [PMID: 30638928]
[169]
Thomas, J.; Parimalam, K. Treating pediatric plaque psoriasis: Challenges and solutions. Pediatric Health Med. Ther., 2016, 7, 25-38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S75834] [PMID: 29388608]
[170]
Sugiyama, H.; Gyulai, R.; Toichi, E.; Garaczi, E.; Shimada, S.; Stevens, S.R.; McCormick, T.S.; Cooper, K.D. Dysfunctional blood and target tissue CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells in psoriasis: Mechanism underlying unrestrained pathogenic effector T cell proliferation. J. Immunol., 2005, 174(1), 164-173.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.174.1.164] [PMID: 15611238]
[171]
Roberson, E.D.; Bowcock, A.M. Psoriasis genetics: Breaking the barrier. Trends Genet., 2010, 26(9), 415-423.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2010.06.006] [PMID: 20692714]
[172]
Armstrong, A.W.; Robertson, A.D.; Wu, J.; Schupp, C.; Lebwohl, M.G. Undertreatment, treatment trends, and treatment dissatisfaction among patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in the United States: Findings from the national psoriasis foundation surveys, 2003-2011. JAMA Dermatol., 2013, 149(10), 1180-1185.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.5264 ] [PMID: 23945732]
[173]
Schaarschmidt, M.L.; Schmieder, A.; Umar, N.; Terris, D.; Goebeler, M.; Goerdt, S.; Peitsch, W.K. Patient preferences for psoriasis treat-ments: Process characteristics can outweigh outcome attributes. Arch. Dermatol., 2011, 147(11), 1285-1294.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archdermatol.2011.309] [PMID: 22106115]
[174]
Thorneloe, R.J.; Bundy, C.; Griffiths, C.E.M.; Ashcroft, D.M.; Cordingley, L. Adherence to medication in patients with psoriasis: A sys-tematic literature review. Br. J. Dermatol., 2013, 168(1), 20-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12039] [PMID: 22963128]
[175]
Fuji, R.; Mould, J.F.J.; Tang, B.; Brandt, H.; Pomerantz, D.; Chapnick, J.; Sternbach, N.; Manfrin, D.F. Burden of disease in patients with diagnosed psoriasis in Brazil: Results from 2011 National Health And Wellness Survey (NHWS). Value Health, 2012, 15(4), A107.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2012.03.580]
[176]
Augustin, M.; Holland, B.; Dartsch, D.; Langenbruch, A.; Radtke, M.A. Adherence in the treatment of psoriasis: A systematic review. Dermatology, 2011, 222(4), 363-374.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000329026] [PMID: 21757881]
[177]
Kerdel, F.; Zaiac, M. An evolution in switching therapy for psoriasis patients who fail to meet treatment goals. Dermatol. Ther. , 2015, 28(6), 390-403.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dth.12267] [PMID: 26258910]
[178]
Griffiths, C.E.M.; Richards, H.L. Psychological influences in psoriasis. Clin. Exp. Dermatol., 2001, 26(4), 338-342.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.2001.00834.x ] [PMID: 11422186]
[179]
Nijsten, T.; Margolis, D.J.; Feldman, S.R.; Rolstad, T.; Stern, R.S. Traditional systemic treatments have not fully met the needs of psoriasis patients: Results from a national survey. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 2005, 52(3 Pt 1), 434-444.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2004.10.862] [PMID: 15761421]
[180]
Zaghloul, S.S.; Goodfield, M.J.D. Objective assessment of compliance with psoriasis treatment. Arch. Dermatol., 2004, 140(4), 408-414.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.140.4.408] [PMID: 15096368]
[181]
Banach, M.; Serban, C.; Aronow, W.S.; Rysz, J.; Dragan, S.; Lerma, E.V.; Apetrii, M.; Covic, A. Lipid, blood pressure and kidney update 2013. Int. Urol. Nephrol., 2014, 46(5), 947-961.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11255-014-0657-6] [PMID: 24573394]
[182]
Menon, V.P.; Sudheer, A.R. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 2007, 595, 105-125.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5_3] [PMID: 17569207]
[183]
Panahi, Y.; Alishiri, G.H.; Parvin, S.; Sahebkar, A. Mitigation of systemic oxidative stress by curcuminoids in osteoarthritis: Results of a randomized controlled trial. J. Diet. Suppl., 2016, 13(2), 209-220.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19390211.2015.1008611 ] [PMID: 25688638]
[184]
Sahebkar, A.; Serbanc, M.C.; Ursoniuc, S.; Banach, M. Effect of curcuminoids on oxidative stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J. Funct. Foods, 2015, 18, 898-909.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.01.005]
[185]
Lin, Y.G.; Kunnumakkara, A.B.; Nair, A.; Merritt, W.M.; Han, L.Y.; Armaiz-Pena, G.N.; Kamat, A.A.; Spannuth, W.A.; Gershenson, D.M.; Lutgendorf, S.K.; Aggarwal, B.B.; Sood, A.K. Curcumin inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis in ovarian carcinoma by targeting the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. Clin. Cancer Res., 2007, 13(11), 3423-3430.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-3072 ] [PMID: 17545551]
[186]
Marchiani, A.; Rozzo, C.; Fadda, A.; Delogu, G.; Ruzza, P. Curcumin and curcumin-like molecules: From spice to drugs. Curr. Med. Chem., 2014, 21, 204-222.
[187]
Priyadarsini, K.I.; Maity, D.K.; Naik, G.H.; Kumar, M.S.; Unnikrishnan, M.K.; Satav, J.G.; Mohan, H. Role of phenolic O-H and meth-ylene hydrogen on the free radical reactions and antioxidant activity of curcumin. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 2003, 35(5), 475-484.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(03)00325-3] [PMID: 12927597]
[188]
Biswas, S.K. Does the Interdependence between Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Explain the Antioxidant Paradox? Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2016, 2016, 5698931.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5698931] [PMID: 26881031]
[189]
Sharma, R.A.; McLelland, H.R.; Hill, K.A.; Ireson, C.R.; Euden, S.A.; Manson, M.M.; Pirmohamed, M.; Marnett, L.J.; Gescher, A.J.; Stew-ard, W.P. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic study of oral Curcuma extract in patients with colorectal cancer. Clin. Cancer Res., 2001, 7(7), 1894-1900.
[PMID: 11448902]
[190]
Jurenka, J.S. Anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin, a major constituent of Curcuma longa: A review of preclinical and clinical re-search. Altern. Med. Rev., 2009, 14(2), 141-153.
[PMID: 19594223]
[191]
Recio, M.C.; Andujar, I.; Rios, J.L. Anti-inflammatory agents from plants: Progress and potential. Curr. Med. Chem., 2012, 19(14), 2088-2103.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986712800229069] [PMID: 22414101]
[192]
Panahi, Y.; Hosseini, M.S.; Khalili, N.; Naimi, E.; Simental-Mendía, L.E.; Majeed, M.; Sahebkar, A. Effects of curcumin on serum cyto-kine concentrations in subjects with metabolic syndrome: A post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Biomed. Pharmacother., 2016, 82, 578-582.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.037] [PMID: 27470399]
[193]
Krueger, J.G.; Brunner, P.M. Interleukin-17 alters the biology of many cell types involved in the genesis of psoriasis, systemic inflamma-tion and associated comorbidities. Exp. Dermatol., 2018, 27(2), 115-123.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/exd.13467] [PMID: 29152791]
[194]
Abe, Y.; Hashimoto, S.; Horie, T. Curcumin inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production by human peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages. Pharmacol. Res., 1999, 39(1), 41-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/phrs.1998.0404] [PMID: 10051376]
[195]
Gupta, S.C.; Prasad, S.; Kim, J.H.; Patchva, S.; Webb, L.J.; Priyadarsini, I.K.; Aggarwal, B.B. Multitargeting by curcumin as revealed by molecular interaction studies. Nat. Prod. Rep., 2011, 28(12), 1937-1955.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1np00051a] [PMID: 21979811]
[196]
Singh, S.; Aggarwal, B.B. Activation of transcription factor NF-kappa B is suppressed by curcumin (diferuloylmethane). [corrected]. J. Biol. Chem., 1995, 270(42), 24995-25000.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.42.24995] [PMID: 7559628]
[197]
Balasubramanyam, K.; Varier, R.A.; Altaf, M.; Swaminathan, V.; Siddappa, N.B.; Ranga, U.; Kundu, T.K. Curcumin, a novel p300/CREB-binding protein-specific inhibitor of acetyltransferase, represses the acetylation of histone/nonhistone proteins and histone acetyltransfer-ase-dependent chromatin transcription. J. Biol. Chem., 2004, 279(49), 51163-51171.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M409024200] [PMID: 15383533]
[198]
Kim, G.Y.; Kim, K.H.; Lee, S.H.; Yoon, M.S.; Lee, H.J.; Moon, D.O.; Lee, C.M.; Ahn, S.C.; Park, Y.C.; Park, Y.M. Curcumin inhibits immunostimulatory function of dendritic cells: MAPKs and translocation of NF-kappa B as potential targets. J. Immunol., 2005, 174(12), 8116-8124.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.174.12.8116] [PMID: 15944320]
[199]
Akbik, D.; Ghadiri, M.; Chrzanowski, W.; Rohanizadeh, R. Curcumin as a wound healing agent. Life Sci., 2014, 116(1), 1-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2014.08.016] [PMID: 25200875]
[200]
Thangapazham, R.L.; Sharma, A.; Maheshwari, R.K. Beneficial role of curcumin in skin diseases. In: The Molecular Targets and Thera-peutic Uses of Curcumin in Health and Disease; Aggarwal, B.B.; Surh, Y.J.; Shishodia, S., Eds.; Springer: Boston, MA, USA, 2007; pp. 343-357.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5_15]
[201]
Kono, T.; Kondo, S.; Pastore, S.; Shivji, G.M.; Tomai, M.A.; McKenzie, R.C.; Sauder, D.N. Effects of a novel topical immunomodulator, imiquimod, on keratinocyte cytokine gene expression. Lymphokine Cytokine Res., 1994, 13(2), 71-76.
[PMID: 8061117]
[202]
Sun, J.; Zhao, Y.; Hu, J. Curcumin inhibits imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation by inhibiting IL-1beta and IL-6 production in mice. PLoS One, 2013, 8(6), e67078.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067078] [PMID: 23825622]
[203]
Bahraini, P.; Rajabi, M.; Mansouri, P.; Sarafian, G.; Chalangari, R.; Azizian, Z. Turmeric tonic as a treatment in scalp psoriasis: A random-ized placebo-control clinical trial. J. Cosmet. Dermatol., 2018, 17(3), 461-466.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12513] [PMID: 29607625]
[204]
Antiga, E.; Bonciolini, V.; Volpi, W.; Del Bianco, E.; Caproni, M. Oral curcumin (Meriva) is effective as an adjuvant treatment and is able to reduce IL-22 serum levels in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. BioMed Res. Int., 2015, 2015, 283634.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/283634] [PMID: 26090395]
[205]
Neimann, A.L.; Shin, D.B.; Wang, X.; Margolis, D.J.; Troxel, A.B.; Gelfand, J.M. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with psoriasis. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 2006, 55(5), 829-835.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2006.08.040] [PMID: 17052489]
[206]
Gilmore, T.D.; Herscovitch, M. Inhibitors of NF-kappaB signaling: 785 and counting. Oncogene, 2006, 25(51), 6887-6899.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209982] [PMID: 17072334]
[207]
Bilia, A.R.; Bergonzi, M.C.; Isacchi, B.; Antiga, E.; Caproni, M. Curcumin nanoparticles potentiate therapeutic effectiveness of acitrein in moderate-to-severe psoriasis patients and control serum cholesterol levels. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 2018, 70(7), 919-928.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12910] [PMID: 29600580]
[208]
Iriventi, P.; Gupta, N.V. Topical delivery of curcumin and caffeine mixture-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for effective treatment of psoriasis. Pharmacogn. Mag., 2020, 16(68), S206-S217.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_260_19]
[209]
Mao, K.L.; Fan, Z.L.; Yuan, J.D.; Chen, P.P.; Yang, J.J.; Xu, J. ZhuGe, D.L.; Jin, B.H.; Zhu, Q.Y.; Shen, B.X.; Sohawon, Y.; Zhao, Y.Z.; Xu, H.L. Skin-penetrating polymeric nanoparticles incorporated in silk fibroin hydrogel for topical delivery of curcumin to improve its therapeutic effect on psoriasis mouse model. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces, 2017, 160, 704-714.
[210]
Kang, D.; Li, B.; Luo, L.; Jiang, W.; Lu, Q.; Rong, M.; Lai, R. Curcumin shows excellent therapeutic effect on psoriasis in mouse model. Biochimie, 2016, 123, 73-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2016.01.013] [PMID: 26826458]
[211]
Niu, T.; Tian, Y.; Cai, Q.; Ren, Q.; Wei, L. Red light combined with blue light irradiation regulates proliferation and apoptosis in skin keratinocytes in combination with low concentrations of curcumin. PLoS One, 2015, 10(9), e0138754.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138754] [PMID: 26382065]
[212]
Carrion-Gutierrez, M.; Ramirez-Bosca, A.; Navarro-Lopez, V.; Martinez-Andres, A.; Asín-Llorca, M.; Bernd, A.; Horga de la Parte, J.F. Effects of curcuma extract and visible light on adults with plaque psoriasis. Eur. J. Dermatol., 2015, 25(3), 240-246.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/ejd.2015.2584] [PMID: 26066761]
[213]
Sarafian, G.; Afshar, M.; Mansouri, P.; Asgarpanah, J.; Raoufinejad, K.; Rajabi, M. Topical turmeric microemulgel in the management of plaque psoriasis; A clinical evaluation. Iran. J. Pharm. Res., 2015, 14(3), 865-876.
[PMID: 26330875]
[214]
Tamjidi, F.; Shahedi, M.; Varshosaz, J.; Nasirpour, A. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC): A potential delivery system for bioactive food molecules. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol., 2013, 19, 29-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2013.03.002]
[215]
Darandale, S.S.; Vavia, P.R. Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges of curcumin: Formulation and physicochemical characterization. J. Incl. Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem., 2013, 75(3-4), 315-322.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10847-012-0186-9]
[216]
Anand, P.; Nair, H.B.; Sung, B.; Kunnumakkara, A.B.; Yadav, V.R.; Tekmal, R.R.; Aggarwal, B.B. Design of curcumin-loaded PLGA na-noparticles formulation with enhanced cellular uptake, and increased bioactivity in vitro and superior bioavailability in vivo. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2010, 79(3), 330-338.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2009.09.003] [PMID: 19735646]
[217]
Hou, Y.; Wang, H.; Zhang, F.; Sun, F.; Xin, M.; Li, M.; Li, J.; Wu, X. Novel self-nanomicellizing solid dispersion based on rebaudioside A: A potential nanoplatform for oral delivery of curcumin. Int. J. Nanomedicine, 2019, 14, 557-571.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S191337] [PMID: 30666114]
[218]
Prasad, S.; Tyagi, A.K.; Aggarwal, B.B. Recent developments in delivery, bioavailability, absorption and metabolism of curcumin: The golden pigment from golden spice. Cancer Res. Treat., 2014, 46(1), 2-18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.46.1.2] [PMID: 24520218]
[219]
Patel, S.S.; Acharya, A.; Ray, R.S.; Agrawal, R.; Raghuwanshi, R.; Jain, P. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of curcumin in prevention and treatment of disease. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 2019, 1-53.
[PMID: 30632782]
[220]
Baspinar, Y.; Üstündas, M.; Bayraktar, O.; Sezgin, C. Curcumin and piperine loaded zein-chitosan nanoparticles: Development and in-vitro characterisation. Saudi Pharm. J., 2018, 26(3), 323-334.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2018.01.010] [PMID: 29556123]
[221]
Algahtani, M.S.; Ahmad, M.Z.; Ahmad, J. Nanoemulsion loaded polymeric hydrogel for Topical delivery of curcumin in psoriasis. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol., 2020, 59, 101847.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101847]
[222]
Fernández-Romero, A.M.; Maestrelli, F.; García-Gil, S.; Talero, E.; Mura, P.; Rabasco, A.M.; González-Rodríguez, M.L. Preparation, Char-acterization and Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Epichlorohydrin-β-Cyclodextrin/Curcumin Binary Systems Embedded in a Pluronic®/Hyaluronate Hydrogel. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2021, 22(24), 13566.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413566] [PMID: 34948364]
[223]
Kang, N.W.; Kim, M.H.; Sohn, S.Y.; Kim, K.T.; Park, J.H.; Lee, S.Y.; Lee, J.Y.; Kim, D.D. Curcumin-loaded lipid-hybridized cellulose nanofiber film ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis in mice. Biomaterials, 2018, 182, 245-258.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.030 ] [PMID: 30142524]
[224]
Rapalli, V.K.; Kaul, V.; Waghule, T.; Gorantla, S.; Sharma, S.; Roy, A.; Dubey, S.K.; Singhvi, G. Kumar, Dubey, S.K.; Singhvi, G. Curcu-min loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for enhanced skin retained topical delivery: Optimization, scale-up, in-vitro characterization and assessment of ex-vivo skin deposition. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 2020, 152, 10548.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105438]
[225]
Chen, J.; Ma, Y.; Tao, Y.; Zhao, X.; Xiong, Y.; Chen, Z.; Tian, Y. Formulation and evaluation of a topical liposomal gel containing a com-bination of zedoary turmeric oil and tretinoin for psoriasis activity. J. Liposome Res., 2021, 31(2), 130-144.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2020.1748646 ] [PMID: 32223352]
[226]
Sun, L.; Liu, Z.; Wang, L.; Cun, D.; Henry, H.Y. Tong, Yan,R.U.; Chen, X.; Wang, R.; Zheng, Y. Enhanced topical penetration, system exposure and anti-psoriasis activity of two particle-sized, curcumin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles in hydrogel. J. Control. Release, 2017, 03, 385.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy