Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful molecular imaging technology with the ability to image and monitor molecular events in vivo and in real time. With the increased application of PET radiopharmaceuticals for imaging physiological and pathological processes in vivo, there is a demand for versatile positron emitters with longer physical and biological half-lives. Traditional PET radionuclides, such as carbon-11 (11C) and fluorine-18 (18F), have relatively short half-lives (20 min and 110 min, respectively). Among the currently available positron emitters, the non-standard radiohalogen iodine-124 (124I) has the longest physical half-life at 4.2 d. This, combined with the well characterized radiochemistry of radioiodine, is contributing to the increasing utility of 124I in investigating slow and complex pharmacokinetic processes in clinical nuclear medicine and small animal PET imaging studies. This review will summarize the progress to date on the potential of 124I as a positron emitting nuclide for molecular imaging purposes, beginning with the production of 124I. Particular emphasis will be placed on the basic radiochemistry as it applies to the production of various 124I-labeled compounds, from small molecules, to biomolecules such as peptides and proteins, and finally to macromolecules like nanoparticles. The review will conclude by highlighting promising future directions in using 124I as a positron emitter in PET radiochemistry and molecular imaging.
Keywords: Iodine-124, molecular imaging, nanoparticles, positron emission tomography, proteins, radiochemistry, in vivo, positron emitters, half-lives, radiohalogen, pharmacokinetic
Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry with Iodine-124: A Non-Standard Radiohalogen for Positron Emission Tomography
Volume: 7 Issue: 5
Author(s): Ann-Marie Chacko and Chaitanya R. Divgi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Iodine-124, molecular imaging, nanoparticles, positron emission tomography, proteins, radiochemistry, in vivo, positron emitters, half-lives, radiohalogen, pharmacokinetic
Abstract: Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful molecular imaging technology with the ability to image and monitor molecular events in vivo and in real time. With the increased application of PET radiopharmaceuticals for imaging physiological and pathological processes in vivo, there is a demand for versatile positron emitters with longer physical and biological half-lives. Traditional PET radionuclides, such as carbon-11 (11C) and fluorine-18 (18F), have relatively short half-lives (20 min and 110 min, respectively). Among the currently available positron emitters, the non-standard radiohalogen iodine-124 (124I) has the longest physical half-life at 4.2 d. This, combined with the well characterized radiochemistry of radioiodine, is contributing to the increasing utility of 124I in investigating slow and complex pharmacokinetic processes in clinical nuclear medicine and small animal PET imaging studies. This review will summarize the progress to date on the potential of 124I as a positron emitting nuclide for molecular imaging purposes, beginning with the production of 124I. Particular emphasis will be placed on the basic radiochemistry as it applies to the production of various 124I-labeled compounds, from small molecules, to biomolecules such as peptides and proteins, and finally to macromolecules like nanoparticles. The review will conclude by highlighting promising future directions in using 124I as a positron emitter in PET radiochemistry and molecular imaging.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Chacko Ann-Marie and R. Divgi Chaitanya, Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry with Iodine-124: A Non-Standard Radiohalogen for Positron Emission Tomography, Medicinal Chemistry 2011; 7 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340611796799221
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340611796799221 |
Print ISSN 1573-4064 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6638 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Carbohydrates in Computational and Medicinal Chemistry
Carbohydrates are the most essential organic molecules and are involved in the maintenance of various physiological and metabolic processes in living organisms. Carbohydrate-based compounds have come to the attention of researchers because of their significant contributions to biological functions, such as cell development and cell proliferation, connections between several cells, ...read more
Recent Advances in the Medicinal Chemistry of Cancer
Scope of the Thematic Issue: Correlation between structure and function is one of the important aspects of the success of anti-cancer compounds associated with their structure-activity interactions, physiology, biochemical, molecular, and genetic processes. Overcoming these obstacles is key to obtaining further insights into developments in rational drug design, bioorganic chemistry, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Combating P-glycoprotein-Mediated Multidrug Resistance Using Therapeutic Nanoparticles
Current Pharmaceutical Design Neurological Disorders in Medical Use of <i>Cannabis</i>: An Update
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Targeting the Central Nervous System with Herpes Simplex Virus / Sleeping Beauty Hybrid Amplicon Vectors
Current Gene Therapy Neuroprotective Effects of Citrus Fruit-Derived Flavonoids, Nobiletin and Tangeretin in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Plant Polyphenols and Tumors: From Mechanisms to Therapies, Prevention, and Protection Against Toxicity of Anti-Cancer Treatments
Current Medicinal Chemistry Selectively Targeted Anti-Neoplastic Cytotoxicity of Three Immunopharmaceuticals with Covalently Bound Fludarabine, Gemcitabine and Dexamethasone Moieties Synthesized Utilizing Organic Chemistry Reactions in a Multi-Stage Regimen
Current Pharmaceutical Design Editorial (Thematic Selection: Mitochondrial Dysfunction & Neurological Disorders)
Current Neuropharmacology Epigenetic Interventions Increase the Radiation Sensitivity of Cancer Cells
Current Pharmaceutical Design Molecular Link Mechanisms between Inflammation and Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Signaling in Cancer Biology and Treatment
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Anti-cancer Scopes and Associated Mechanisms of Scutellaria Extract and Flavonoid Wogonin
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Anti-Cancer Compounds Targeted to VDAC: Potential and Perspectives
Current Medicinal Chemistry Cancer Stem Cells in Pediatric Brain Tumors
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Impact of Cellular Senescence in Aging and Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Human Galectin-3 Selective and High Affinity Inhibitors. Present State and Future Perspectives
Current Medicinal Chemistry ABC Transporters in the CNS – An Inventory
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 7-Keto-Δ5-Steroids: Key-Molecules Owning Particular Biological and Chemical Interest
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Multidrug-Resistance (MDR) Proteins Develops Refractory Epilepsy Phenotype:Clinical and Experimental Evidences
Current Drug Therapy Post-Wortmannin Era: Novel Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Inhibitors with Potential Therapeutic Applications
Current Enzyme Inhibition A Review of Therapeutic Effects of Curcumin
Current Pharmaceutical Design