Abstract
The effect of ultrasound energy on transdermal permeation of Losartan Potassium (LP) across albino rat skin was studied in vitro. Experiments were performed using therapeutic ultrasound (1MHz) at different intensities (0.5 and 2.5 W/cm2) for 10 and 30 minutes in continuous and pulsed (1:1) modes. Ultrasound variables used in present investigation were selected on the basis of 23 full factorial design. The flux observed from passive transdermal permeation was found to be 12.52 ± 3.32 μg/cm2/h. Significant enhancement in LP flux was observed when higher intensity (2.5 W/cm2) was applied for 30 min in pulsed and continuous mode. Sonophoresis (2.5 W/cm2) for 30 min in continuous mode resulted in greater LP transport (142.00 ± 13.93 μg/cm2/h). However, sonophoresis applied for 0.5 W/cm2 (30 min.) and 2.5 W/cm2 (30 min.) in pulsed mode resulted in net LP transport of 60.55 ± 9.04 and 104.60 ± 15.29 μg/cm2/h, respectively. There was ~8.3-fold (2.5 W/cm2, 30 min) enhancement in transcutaneous steady-state flux values in pulsed mode and ~11.3-fold (2.5 W/cm2, 30 min) enhancement in continuous mode as compared to control. The results were substantiated by histopathological studies and factorial design results. Given the promising results, it was concluded that the sonophoresis is a promising technique for transdermal delivery of LP and has the potential to be predictable.
Keywords: Factorial Design, Losartan potassium, Sonophoresis, Transdermal, Ultrasound mediated delivery, ACE, sonophoresis, Skin Preparation, Sonicated Skin, ultrasound
Drug Delivery Letters
Title:Influence of Ultrasound Mediated Transdermal Delivery of Losartan Potassium
Volume: 2 Issue: 1
Author(s): Rao Rekha, Nanda Sanju and Anroop B. Nair
Affiliation:
Keywords: Factorial Design, Losartan potassium, Sonophoresis, Transdermal, Ultrasound mediated delivery, ACE, sonophoresis, Skin Preparation, Sonicated Skin, ultrasound
Abstract: The effect of ultrasound energy on transdermal permeation of Losartan Potassium (LP) across albino rat skin was studied in vitro. Experiments were performed using therapeutic ultrasound (1MHz) at different intensities (0.5 and 2.5 W/cm2) for 10 and 30 minutes in continuous and pulsed (1:1) modes. Ultrasound variables used in present investigation were selected on the basis of 23 full factorial design. The flux observed from passive transdermal permeation was found to be 12.52 ± 3.32 μg/cm2/h. Significant enhancement in LP flux was observed when higher intensity (2.5 W/cm2) was applied for 30 min in pulsed and continuous mode. Sonophoresis (2.5 W/cm2) for 30 min in continuous mode resulted in greater LP transport (142.00 ± 13.93 μg/cm2/h). However, sonophoresis applied for 0.5 W/cm2 (30 min.) and 2.5 W/cm2 (30 min.) in pulsed mode resulted in net LP transport of 60.55 ± 9.04 and 104.60 ± 15.29 μg/cm2/h, respectively. There was ~8.3-fold (2.5 W/cm2, 30 min) enhancement in transcutaneous steady-state flux values in pulsed mode and ~11.3-fold (2.5 W/cm2, 30 min) enhancement in continuous mode as compared to control. The results were substantiated by histopathological studies and factorial design results. Given the promising results, it was concluded that the sonophoresis is a promising technique for transdermal delivery of LP and has the potential to be predictable.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Rekha Rao, Sanju Nanda and B. Nair Anroop, Influence of Ultrasound Mediated Transdermal Delivery of Losartan Potassium, Drug Delivery Letters 2012; 2 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210304x11202010046
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210304x11202010046 |
Print ISSN 2210-3031 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 2210-304X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Nanomaterial Assisted Targeted Therapies for Chronic Disorders- Preclinical to Clinical Outcomes
In recent years, the integration of nanomaterials into therapeutic strategies has emerged as a promising avenue in the pursuit of more effective treatments for chronic disorders. This dynamic field, explored in the context of "Nanomaterial Assisted Targeted Therapies for Chronic Disorders - Preclinical to Clinical Outcomes," seeks to bridge the ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms and Drug – Drug Interactions on Clopidogrel and Prasugrel Response Variability
Current Drug Metabolism Radiopharmaceuticals in Tumor Hypoxia Imaging: A Review Focused on Medicinal Chemistry Aspects
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry A Glance on the Role of Bacterial Siderophore from the Perspectives of Medical and Biotechnological Approaches
Current Drug Targets New Lipid-lowering Agents Acting on LDL Receptors
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Integrins in Pulmonary Inflammatory Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Von Willebrand Factor and Cardiovascular Disease: From a Biochemical Marker to an Attractive Therapeutic Target
Current Vascular Pharmacology Recent Clinical Aspects of Hyperprolactinemia Induced by Antipsychotics
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Editorial: Vascular Risk Estimation by Specialist Nurses
Current Vascular Pharmacology Vitamin A and Diabesity: New Insight for Drug Discovery
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry The Role of Anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a in Regulating Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Squalene Synthase Inhibitors: An Update on the Search for New Antihyperlipidemic and Antiatherosclerotic Agents
Current Medicinal Chemistry Top Three Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Applications at the Nexus of Renal Pathophysiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Dyslipidaemia, Hypercoagulability and the Metabolic Syndrome
Current Vascular Pharmacology Estimation of Familial Combined Hyperlipoproteinemia Prevalence in a Large Rural Population: The Brisighella Heart Study
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Cardiovascular Disease: What's All the AGE/RAGE About?
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Effects of Metabolic Approach in Diabetic Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Derivatives of Resveratrol: Potential Agents in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Natural Products as Anti-glycation Agents: Possible Therapeutic Potential for Diabetic Complications
Current Diabetes Reviews Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism and Pulmonary Embolism: The Role of Novel Oral Anticoagulants
Current Clinical Pharmacology Quantification and Pharmacokinetics Study of Pedunculoside in Rats by Using UPLC-MS/MS
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis