Abstract
Nanomaterials due to their small size have high surface area and catalytic activity, and therefore, have found applications in forensic sample analysis. Surface engineering of these nanomaterials enhances their stability, chemical reactivity, specificity and sensitivity towards other analytes. Covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interaction play a major role in attaching functional groups on the surface of various nanomaterials. Over the years, several SENMs have been developed for the analysis of forensic science samples, such as fingerprints, unlawful drugs, explosives, doping agents, chemical and biological warfare agents. These SENMs have been functionalized with a myriad of functionalization agents, such as polymers, organosilanes, acids or alkalis, and compounds of biological origin with different strategies. In this paper, the different surface engineering strategies of nanomaterials, the applications of these nanomaterials in forensic science, and the mechanism behind their detection of forensic analytes have been discussed. The challenges for using SENMs for forensic applications have also been elaborated.
Keywords: Nanotechnology, nanomaterial, forensic science, surface engineering, explosive, fingerprints.
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