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Review Article

Mechanistic Insight of Innovative Biomarkers for Screening of Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Author(s): Shubh Deep Yadav and Neelam Singh*

Volume 2, 2024

Published on: 20 December, 2023

Article ID: e2210299X257270 Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/012210299X257270231127062630

open_access

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a compounded, persistent illness symbolized by an increased range of glucose levels in the blood caused by cellular resistance to insulin action, insufficient insulin production by pancreatic -cells, or both. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), the extremely widespread form of DM, is recorded for almost 85-90% of worldwide cases. T2DM is mostly common in middle-aged and older people, and its causes are multifaceted. The use of efficient and profitable solutions for DM screening is critical to ensure pre-identification and minimising patients' risk of acquiring the life-compromising illness. Identification of innovative biomarkers with test methods of DM is therefore critical in order to establish vigorous, non-invasive, pain-free, highly sensitive, and precise procedures for screening. The purpose of this review article is to mention and review all the necessary biomarkers that play a vital role in disease diagnosis and to highlight the present-day findings of the latest clinically validated and traditional biomarkers and procedures for determining them, which provide cost-efficient options for T2DM screening with early detection. It is concluded that various biomarkers, both conventional and innovative, go hand in hand to diagnose the DM of any type.

Keywords: Insulin, Screening technique, Diagnosis, Conventional biomarker, Hb1Ac, Diabetes mellitus.

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