Abstract
Inheritance of genetic material requires that chromosomes segregate faithfully during cell division. Failure in this process can drive to aneuploidy phenomenon. Kinetochores are unique centromere macromolecular protein structures that attach chromosomes to the spindle for a proper movement and segregation. A unique type of nucleosomes of centromeric chromatin provides the base for kinetochore formation. A specific histone H3 variant, CENPA, replaces conventional histone H3 and together with centromere-specific-DNA-binding factors directs the assembly of active kinetochores. Recent studies on CENPA nucleosomal structure, epigenetic inheritance of centromeric chromatin and transcription of pericentric heterochromatin provide new clues to our understanding of centromere structure and function. This review highlights the role and dynamics of CENPA assembly into centromeres and the potential contribution of this kinetochore protein to autoimmune and cancer diseases in humans.
Keywords: CENPA, centromere, kinetochore, histone H3-like variant, alphoid DNA, epigenetic, autoantigen, scleroderma, aneuploidy, cancer
Current Genomics
Title: CENPA a Genomic Marker for Centromere Activity and Human Diseases
Volume: 10 Issue: 5
Author(s): Manuel M. Valdivia, Khaoula Hamdouch, Manuela Ortiz and Antonio Astola
Affiliation:
Keywords: CENPA, centromere, kinetochore, histone H3-like variant, alphoid DNA, epigenetic, autoantigen, scleroderma, aneuploidy, cancer
Abstract: Inheritance of genetic material requires that chromosomes segregate faithfully during cell division. Failure in this process can drive to aneuploidy phenomenon. Kinetochores are unique centromere macromolecular protein structures that attach chromosomes to the spindle for a proper movement and segregation. A unique type of nucleosomes of centromeric chromatin provides the base for kinetochore formation. A specific histone H3 variant, CENPA, replaces conventional histone H3 and together with centromere-specific-DNA-binding factors directs the assembly of active kinetochores. Recent studies on CENPA nucleosomal structure, epigenetic inheritance of centromeric chromatin and transcription of pericentric heterochromatin provide new clues to our understanding of centromere structure and function. This review highlights the role and dynamics of CENPA assembly into centromeres and the potential contribution of this kinetochore protein to autoimmune and cancer diseases in humans.
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Cite this article as:
Valdivia M. Manuel, Hamdouch Khaoula, Ortiz Manuela and Astola Antonio, CENPA a Genomic Marker for Centromere Activity and Human Diseases, Current Genomics 2009; 10 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920209788920985
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920209788920985 |
Print ISSN 1389-2029 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5488 |
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