Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3) is a key enzyme in multiple cell processes. Since many pharmacological compounds that have effects on common metabolic pathways may have uses in many different diseases, we review here the possible involvement of glycogen synthase kinase 3 in diabetes, cancer and CNS diseases. Moreover, diabetes has recently been strongly linked to CNS diseases such as schizophrenia and bipolar illness. GSK-3 is both directly and indirectly inhibited by lithium, a key compound for treatment of bipolar disorder. Several antipsychotic drugs also affect the GSK-3 mediated pathways and postmortem study of brain in schizophrenia led to reports of alterations of GSK-3 activity or mRNA message. However, other reports are contradictory. Development of GSK-3 inhibitors for CNS diseases is complicated by the importance of GSK-3 in glucose metabolism and pancreas function and the possible effect of GSK-3 inhibition to be oncogenic. Further development of GSK-3 inhibitors for clinical trials should be approached with caution.
Keywords: Glycogen synthase kinase 3-β, diabetes, cancer, CNS, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, Wnt signaling, postmortem brain, lithium, inflammation
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: The Possible Involvement of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) in Diabetes, Cancer and Central Nervous System Diseases
Volume: 17 Issue: 22
Author(s): Amar S., Belmaker R.H. and Agam G.
Affiliation:
Keywords: Glycogen synthase kinase 3-β, diabetes, cancer, CNS, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, Wnt signaling, postmortem brain, lithium, inflammation
Abstract: Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3) is a key enzyme in multiple cell processes. Since many pharmacological compounds that have effects on common metabolic pathways may have uses in many different diseases, we review here the possible involvement of glycogen synthase kinase 3 in diabetes, cancer and CNS diseases. Moreover, diabetes has recently been strongly linked to CNS diseases such as schizophrenia and bipolar illness. GSK-3 is both directly and indirectly inhibited by lithium, a key compound for treatment of bipolar disorder. Several antipsychotic drugs also affect the GSK-3 mediated pathways and postmortem study of brain in schizophrenia led to reports of alterations of GSK-3 activity or mRNA message. However, other reports are contradictory. Development of GSK-3 inhibitors for CNS diseases is complicated by the importance of GSK-3 in glucose metabolism and pancreas function and the possible effect of GSK-3 inhibition to be oncogenic. Further development of GSK-3 inhibitors for clinical trials should be approached with caution.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
S. Amar, R.H. Belmaker and G. Agam, The Possible Involvement of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) in Diabetes, Cancer and Central Nervous System Diseases, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2011; 17 (22) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211797052484
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211797052484 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Azathioprine in Multiple Sclerosis
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry The Current Chemical Utility of Marine and Terrestrial Filamentous Fungi in Side-Chain Chemistry
Current Organic Chemistry Pyridine Based Antitumour Compounds Acting at the Colchicine Site
Current Medicinal Chemistry Editorial [Hot topic: The Urokinase Receptor System as Strategic Therapeutic Target: Challenges for the 21st Century (Executive Guest Editor: Bernard Degryse)]
Current Pharmaceutical Design Pin1: A New Outlook in Alzheimers Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Biological Applications of the Receptor Mimetic Peptide Mastoparan
Current Protein & Peptide Science Reviewing Colchicaceae Alkaloids – Perspectives of Evolution on Medicinal Chemistry
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Targeted α-Particle Therapy: A Clinical Overview
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Potentials of Hydrogels in Cancer Therapy
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Meet Our Editorial Board Member
Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Threes Company: Regulation of Cell Fate by Statins
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Effect of Treatment with Caspofungin on the Diagnosis of Fungal Infections by Gamma Scintigraphy
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Energy Dependent Transport of Xenobiotics and Its Relevance to Multidrug Resistance
Current Cancer Drug Targets Focus on the Multimodal Role of Biomarkers in Breast Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Biotechnological Production of Taxol and Related Taxoids: Current State and Prospects
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Generation, Subsets and Functions of Inducible Regulatory T Cells
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Pathophysiology of Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier in Traumatic Injury and Repair
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Complex Biology of FOXO
Current Drug Targets Epigenetics in Vascular Disease – Therapeutic Potential of New Agents
Current Vascular Pharmacology Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: Recent Insights from Basic to Clinical Knowledge & Patenting of Anti-Cancer Actions
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery