Abstract
Flavokawain A is a chalcone that can be found in the kava-kava plant (Piper methsyticum) extract. The kava-kava plant has been reported to possess anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. The state of the immune system, and the inflammatory process play vital roles in the progression of cancer. The immunomodulatary effects and the anti-inflammatory effects of flavokawain A in a breast cancer murine model have not been studied yet. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the basic mechanism as to how flavokawain A regulates and enhance the immune system as well as impeding the inflammatory process in breast cancer-challenged mice. Based on our study, it is interesting to note that flavokawain A increased the T cell population; both Th1 cells and CTLs, aside from the natural killer cells. The levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 were also elevated in the serum of flavokawain A-treated mice. Apart from that, flavokawain A also decreased the weight and volume of the tumor, and managed to induce apoptosis in them. In terms of inflammation, flavokawain A-treated mice had reduced level of major pro-inflammatory mediators; NO, iNOS, NF-KB, ICAM and COX-2. Overall, flavokawain A has the potential to not only enhance antitumor immunity, but also prevents the inflammatory process in a cancer-prone microenvironment.
Keywords: Anti-cancer, chalcone, flavokawain A, immunomodulation.
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:In Vivo Anti-Tumor Effects of Flavokawain A in 4T1 Breast Cancer Cell-Challenged Mice
Volume: 15 Issue: 7
Author(s): Nadiah Abu, Nurul Elyani Mohamed, Swee Keong Yeap, Kian Lam Lim, M Nadeem Akhtar, Aimi Jamil Zulfadli, Beh Boon Kee, Mohd Puad Abdullah, Abdul Rahman Omar and Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
Affiliation:
Keywords: Anti-cancer, chalcone, flavokawain A, immunomodulation.
Abstract: Flavokawain A is a chalcone that can be found in the kava-kava plant (Piper methsyticum) extract. The kava-kava plant has been reported to possess anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. The state of the immune system, and the inflammatory process play vital roles in the progression of cancer. The immunomodulatary effects and the anti-inflammatory effects of flavokawain A in a breast cancer murine model have not been studied yet. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the basic mechanism as to how flavokawain A regulates and enhance the immune system as well as impeding the inflammatory process in breast cancer-challenged mice. Based on our study, it is interesting to note that flavokawain A increased the T cell population; both Th1 cells and CTLs, aside from the natural killer cells. The levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 were also elevated in the serum of flavokawain A-treated mice. Apart from that, flavokawain A also decreased the weight and volume of the tumor, and managed to induce apoptosis in them. In terms of inflammation, flavokawain A-treated mice had reduced level of major pro-inflammatory mediators; NO, iNOS, NF-KB, ICAM and COX-2. Overall, flavokawain A has the potential to not only enhance antitumor immunity, but also prevents the inflammatory process in a cancer-prone microenvironment.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Abu Nadiah, Mohamed Elyani Nurul, Yeap Keong Swee, Lim Lam Kian, Akhtar Nadeem M, Zulfadli Jamil Aimi, Kee Boon Beh, Abdullah Puad Mohd, Omar Rahman Abdul and Alitheen Banu Noorjahan, In Vivo Anti-Tumor Effects of Flavokawain A in 4T1 Breast Cancer Cell-Challenged Mice, Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 2015; 15 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152061507150713111557
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152061507150713111557 |
Print ISSN 1871-5206 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5992 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Induction of cell death in cancer cells by modulating telomerase activity using small molecule drugs
Telomeres are distinctive but short stretches present at the corners of chromosomes and aid in stabilizing chromosomal makeup. Resynthesis of telomeres supported by the activity of reverse transcriptase ribonucleoprotein complex telomerase. There is no any telomerase activity in human somatic cells, but the stem cells and germ cells undergone telomerase ...read more
Role of natural compounds as anti anti-cancer agents
Cancer is considered the leading cause of worldwide mortality, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2022. Cancer outcome can be improved through an appropriate screening and early detection and through an efficient clinical treatment. Chemotherapy remains an important approach in treatment o f several types of cancers, even though ...read more
Signaling and enzymatic modulators in cancer treatment
Cancer accounts for nearly 10 million deaths in 2022 and is considered the leading cause of worldwide mortality. Cancer outcome can be improved through an appropriate screening and early detection and through an efficient clinical treatment. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery are the most important approach for the treatment of several ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Bioactive Triterpenic Acids: From Agroforestry Biomass Residues to Promising Therapeutic Tools
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry Editorial (Thematic Issue: Revisiting the Revolution: Examining the Evolving Role of Antiangiogenic Therapy in Cancer)
Current Drug Targets Curcumin in Combined Cancer Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Advanced Neoplastic Disease as Immunologic, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Multiple Mechanisms of Cytokine Action in Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric States: Neurochemical and Molecular Substrates
Current Pharmaceutical Design Recent Patents Review in Three Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging
Recent Patents on Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued) Application of Charge Transfer Reactions for the Quantitative Spectrophotometric Determination of Cyclophosphamide in Pure and Pharmaceutical Formulation
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis The Anti-Proliferative Activity of Anisosciadone: A New Guaiane Sesquiterpene from Anisosciadium lanatum
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Progress and Prospects of Stem Cells in Treatment of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Adiposity and the Gut - The Role of Gut Hormones
Current Nutrition & Food Science Synthesis of Novel 2,3,4-trisubstituted-oxazolidine Derivatives and In Vitro Cytotoxic Evaluation
Medicinal Chemistry Involvement of Cannabinoids in Cellular Proliferation
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacological Effects of Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) Antagonists
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Licofelone Derivatives as Anticancer and Anti-inflammatory Agents
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor (IGF-1R) Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy: Advances and Perspectives
Current Pharmaceutical Design Recent Progress on Antifungal Drug Development
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Development of Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Rapamycin-loaded Immunoliposomes Functionalized with Trastuzumab: A Strategy to Enhance Cytotoxicity to HER2-positive Breast Cancer Cells
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Carcinogenesis and Integrative Therapy of Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Anticancer Activity of Ocimum basilicum and the Effect of Ursolic Acid on the Cytoskeleton of MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery