Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2666-2558
ISSN (Online): 2666-2566

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

Theory, Concepts and Future of Self Organizing Networks (SON)

Author(s): Qutaiba Ibrahim* and Mustafa Qassab

Volume 15, Issue 7, 2022

Published on: 01 February, 2021

Article ID: e190522190934 Pages: 25

DOI: 10.2174/2666255814666210201102326

Price: $65

Abstract

The technologies involved in wireless communication networks aim to integrate smartness and automation into these networks. This survey paper presents the literature on the rising field of self-organization as a new concept applied to wireless communication networks over the last two decades. We conduct an in-depth survey of the current literature on standards as well as projects in self-organizing communication networks. Also, our objective is to show deep knowledge of this active field of research, by defining a simple taxonomy, algorithms, architectures, routing protocols, and security aspects for the design and implementation of selforganizing techniques. Also, we discuss existing solutions, compare their strength and weakness, point out assessment metrics and measurements, and mention the main research scope for subsequent evolution. This article may act as a starting point and guidance for anybody who seeks to investigate the research done on self-organization in the area of wireless communication networks.

Keywords: Self-organizing network, son routing protocols, 5g, mobile ad hoc network, wireless sensor network, APEX .

Graphical Abstract

[1]
H.K. Kalita, "A Study Of Bio-inspired Self Organizing Networks", ADBU J. Eng. Technol., vol. 4, 2016.
[2]
A. Gomez-Andrades, R. Barco, P. Munoz, and I. Serrano, "Data analytics for diagnosing the RF condition in self-organizing networks", IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput., vol. 16, pp. 1587-1600, 2016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2016.2601919]
[3]
A. Sharama, and D. Jaswinder Singh, "Survey of technologies of self-organizing networks (SON)", Int. J. Eng. Technol., vol. 7, p. 4, 2018.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.16831]
[4]
L. Jorguseski, A. Pais, F. Gunnarsson, A. Centonza, and C. Willcock, "Self-organizing networks in 3GPP: standardization and future trends", IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 52, pp. 28-34, 2014.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2014.6979983]
[5]
B. NageshC, and D. Jayaramaiah, "A Survey of Self-Organizing Networks (SON)", Int. J. Innov. Res. Comput. Commun. Eng., vol. 3, pp. 2916-2923, 2015.
[6]
S. Hämäläinen, H. Sanneck, and C. Sartori, LTE self-organising networks (SON): network management automation for operational efficiency., John Wiley & Sons, 2012.
[7]
O. Scheit, "Self-Healing in Self-Organizing Networks", Netw. Architect. Serv, 2014.
[8]
M.Z. Asghar, S. Hamalainen, and N. Meinke, "Experimental system for self-optimization of LTE networks", In Proceedings of the 7th ACM workshop on Performance monitoring and measurement of heterogeneous wireless and wired networks, 2012, pp. 91-98
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2387191.2387205]
[9]
Global System for Mobile Communications MoU Association (GSMA), "Towards Self-Organizing Networks", White Paper, 2009.
[10]
J.S. Harsini, and F. Lahouti, "Adaptive transmission policy design for delay-sensitive and bursty packet traffic over wireless fading channels", IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., vol. 8, pp. 776-786, 2009.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2009.071004]
[11]
O. Østerbø, and O. Grøndalen, "Benefits of self-organizing networks (SON) for mobile operators", J. Comp. Netw. Comm., 2012.
[12]
I. Odesanya, and K.E. Ukhurebor, "Self-organizing network using the reference signal received power measurement in cellular network", Int J Sci Technol Res, vol. 9, 2020.
[13]
H. Fourati, R. Maaloul, and L. Chaari, Self-Organizing Cellular Network Approaches Applied to 5G Networks2019 Global Information Infrastructure and Networking Symposium (GIIS), 2019.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/GIIS48668.2019.9044964]
[14]
H. Sanneck, Y. Bouwen, and E. Troch, "Context based configuration management of plug & play LTE base stations",
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/NOMS.2010.5488334]
[15]
J. Ali-Tolppa, and T. Tsvetkov, "Optimistic concurrency control in self-organizing networks using automatic coordination and verification", In in NOMS 2016 - 2016 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium, 2016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/NOMS.2016.7502867]
[16]
P.V. Klaine, M.A. Imran, O. Onireti, and R.D. Souza, "A survey of machine learning techniques applied to self-organizing cellular networks", IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor., vol. 19, pp. 2392-2431, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2017.2727878]
[17]
A. Kumar, A survey of self-organizing networks. Available from: https://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse574-16/ftp/son/index.html
[18]
G. Z, An Introduction to Self-Organizing Networks (SON). Available at: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Lte/SON_Tutorial.html
[19]
M. Amirijoo, R. Litjens, K. Spaey, M. Döttling, T. Jansen, and N. Scully, Use cases, requirements and assessment criteria for future self-organising radio access networksInternational Workshop on Self-Organizing Systems, 2008, pp. 275-280.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92157-8_25]
[20]
Telecommunication Management, Self-Organizing Networks (SON), Concepts and requirements, 2011.
[21]
J. Xu, J. Yao, L. Wang, K. Wu, L. Chen, and W. Lou, "Revolution of self-organizing network for 5G mmWave small cell management: From reactive to proactive", IEEE Wirel. Commun., vol. 25, pp. 66-73, 2018.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MWC.2018.1700420]
[22]
S. Feng, and E. Seidel, "Self-organizing networks (SON) in 3GPP long term evolution", Nomor Res. GmbH, vol. 20, 2008.
[23]
A. Yousafzai, and C.S. Hong, SmartSON: A Smart contract driven incentive management framework for Self-Organizing Networks, 2020.
[24]
Y. Wei, and M. Peng, "A mobility load balancing optimization method for hybrid architecture in self-organizing network", In IET International Conference on Communication Technology and Application (ICCTA 2011), 2011.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2011.0785]
[25]
A. Proskochylo, A. Vorobyov, and M. Zriakhov, Overview of possibilities to improve efficiency of self-organizing networks2014 First International Scientific-Practical Conference Problems of Infocommunications Science and Technology, 2014, pp. 118-119.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOCOMMST.2014.6992321]
[26]
H. Li, L. Wang, D. Yang, R. Fei, F. Zou, and Q. Jiang, "A novel distributed algorithm to solve self-organizing network of multicast routing", In 2014 10th International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC)., 2014, pp. 992-995
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICNC.2014.6975975]
[27]
M.Z. Hasan, H. Al-Rizzo, and F. Al-Turjman, "A survey on multipath routing protocols for QoS assurances in real-time wireless multimedia sensor networks", IEEE Commun. Surv. and Tutor., vol. 19, pp. 1424-1456, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2017.2661201]
[28]
J. Jiang, G. Han, H. Guo, L. Shu, and J.J. Rodrigues, "Geographic multipath routing based on geospatial division in duty-cycled underwater wireless sensor networks", J. Netw. Comput. Appl., vol. 59, pp. 4-13, 2016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2015.01.005]
[29]
C. Intanagonwiwat, and D. Lucia, The sink-based anycast routing protocol for ad hoc wireless sensor network, 1998.
[30]
M. Pant, T.K. Sharma, S. Basterrech, and C. Banerjee, Computational Network Application Tools for Performance Management., Springer, 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9585-8]
[31]
C. Li, H. Zhang, B. Hao, and J. Li, "A survey on routing protocols for large-scale wireless sensor networks", Sensors (Basel), vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 3498-3526, 2011.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s110403498] [PMID: 22163808]
[32]
J. Branke, M. Mnif, C. Müller-Schloer, H. Prothmann, U. Richter, and F. Rochner, Organic Computing–Addressing complexity by controlled self-organizationSecond International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation (isola 2006), 2006, pp. 185-191.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ISoLA.2006.19]
[33]
D. Kominami, M. Sugano, M. Murata, and T. Hatauchi, "Controlled and self-organized routing for large-scale wireless sensor networks", ACM Trans. Sens. Netw., vol. 10, pp. 1-27, 2013.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2529920]
[34]
H. Schmeck, C. Müller-Schloer, E. Çakar, M. Mnif, and U. Richter, "Adaptivity and self-organization in organic computing systems", ACM Trans. Auton. Adapt. Syst., vol. 5, pp. 1-32, 2010.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1837909.1837911]
[35]
N. Alliance, "5G white paper", Next generation mobile networks, white paper, 2015.
[36]
L.I. Barona Lopez, A.L. Valdivieso Caraguay, M.A. Sotelo Monge, and L.J. García Villalba, "Key technologies in the context of future networks: operational and management requirements", Future Internet, vol. 9, p. 1, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi9010001]
[37]
M.A.S. Monge, J.M. Vidal, and G.M. Pérez, "Detection of economic denial of sustainability (EDoS) threats in self-organizing networks", Comput. Commun., vol. 145, pp. 284-308, 2019.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2019.07.002]
[38]
A-S.K. Pathan, Security of self-organizing networks: MANET, WSN, WMN, VANET., CRC press, 2016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/EBK1439819197]
[39]
V.S. Pooja, T. Rohit, N.M. Reddy, and S. Sudeshna, "Mobile Ad-hoc Networks Security Aspects in Black Hole Attack", In: 2018 Second International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA), 2018, pp. 26-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICECA.2018.8474629]
[40]
G.R. Hiertz, S. Max, R. Zhao, D. Denteneer, and L. Berlemann, "Principles of IEEE 802.11 s", In 2007 16th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks., 2007, pp. 1002-1007
[41]
F. Abdel-Fattah, K.A. Farhan, F.H. Al-Tarawneh, and F. AlTamimi, Security challenges and attacks in dynamic mobile ad hoc networks MANETs2019 IEEE Jordan International Joint Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (JEEIT), 2019, pp. 28-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JEEIT.2019.8717449]
[42]
J.G. Ponsam, and R. Srinivasan, "A survey on MANET security challenges, attacks and its countermeasures", Int. J. Emerg. Trends Technol. Comp. Sci., vol. 3, pp. 274-279, 2014.
[43]
W. Elmenreich, and H. De Meer, Self-organizing networked systems for technical applications: A discussion on open issuesInt. Workshop Self-Organizing Syst, 2008, pp. 1-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92157-8_1]
[44]
R. Holzer, H. De Meer, and C. Bettstetter, On autonomy and emergence in self-organizing systems., IWSOS, 2008, pp. 157-169.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92157-8_14]
[45]
R.W. Rycroft, and D.E. Kash, "Self-organizing innovation networks: Implications for globalization", Technovation, vol. 24, pp. 187-197, 2004.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4972(03)00092-0]
[46]
H. van den Berg, and R. Litjens, SOCRATES⋆ Self-Optimisation and self-configuration in wireless networksFourth ERCIM Workshop on Emobility, 2008, p. 131.
[47]
S. Das, H. Viswanathan, and G. Rittenhouse, "Dynamic load balancing through coordinated scheduling in packet data systems", In: IEEE INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (IEEE Cat. No. 03CH37428), 2003, pp. 786-796.
[48]
Selfnet, 2017. Available from: https://selfnet-5g.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/SELFNET-Flyer-2017.pdf
[49]
J.P. Santos, R. Alheiro, L. Andrade, A.L. Valdivieso Caraguay, L.I. Barona Lopez, and M.A. Sotelo Monge, "SELFNET Framework self‐healing capabilities for 5G mobile networks", Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol., vol. 27, pp. 1225-1232, 2016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.3049]
[50]
L. Xu, H. Assem, I.G.B. Yahia, T.S. Buda, A. Martin, and D. Gallico, CogNet: A network management architecture featuring cognitive capabilities2016 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC), 2016, pp. 325-329.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC.2016.7561056]
[51]
R. Litjens, F. Gunnarsson, B. Sayrac, K. Spaey, C. Willcock, and A. Eisenblatter, "Self-management for unified heterogeneous radio access networks", In: 2013 IEEE 77th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), 2013, pp. 1-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2013.6692748]
[52]
D. Laselva, "SON functions for Multi-layer LTE and Multi-RAT networks (First Results)", Deliverable D4, vol. 1, 2013.
[53]
A. Kies, S. Mehar, B. Rodwane, Z.M. Maaza, and S.M. Senouci, Self-organization framework for mobile ad hoc networks2012 8th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)., 2012, pp. 1063-1068.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IWCMC.2012.6314353]
[54]
T.C. Minh, B. Bellalta, and M. Oliver, DISON: a self-organizing network management framework for wireless sensor networksInternational Conference on Ad Hoc Networks, 2012, pp. 149-163.
[55]
P. Sharnya, and J.S. Raj, "Self organizing wireless mesh network", Int. J. Innov. Appl. Stud., vol. 3, pp. 486-492, 2013.
[56]
O.K. Tonguz, and W. Viriyasitavat, "Cars as roadside units: A self-organizing network solution", IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 51, pp. 112-120, 2013.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2013.6685766]
[57]
O.G. Aliu, A. Imran, M.A. Imran, and B. Evans, "A survey of self organisation in future cellular networks", IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor., vol. 15, pp. 336-361, 2012.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/SURV.2012.021312.00116]
[58]
A. Spilling, A. Nix, M. Beach, and T. Harrold, "Self-organisation in future mobile communications", Electron. Commun. Eng. J., vol. 12, pp. 133-147, 2000.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ecej:20000307]
[59]
C. Prehofer, and C. Bettstetter, "Self-organization in communication networks: Principles and design paradigms", IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 43, pp. 78-85, 2005.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2005.1470824]
[60]
F. Dressler, "A study of self-organization mechanisms in ad hoc and sensor networks", Comput. Commun., vol. 31, pp. 3018-3029, 2008.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2008.02.001]
[61]
E. Yanmaz, O.K. Tonguz, and S.S. Dixit, "WLC09-3: Self-organization in cellular wireless networks via fixed relay nodes", in IEEE Globecom 2006, 2006.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.2006.664]
[62]
L. Jun, Z. Shunyi, Z. Zailong, and W. Pan, A novel network management architecture for self-organizing network2007 International Conference on Networking, Architecture, and Storage (NAS 2007), 2007, pp. 146-154.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/NAS.2007.5]
[63]
J. Moysen, and L. Giupponi, "Self-coordination of parameter conflicts in D-SON architectures: a Markov decision process framework", EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw., vol. 2015, p. 82, 2015.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13638-015-0312-7]
[64]
H.Y. Lateef, A. Imran, M.A. Imran, L. Giupponi, and M. Dohler, "LTE-advanced self-organizing network conflicts and coordination algorithms", IEEE Wirel. Commun., vol. 22, pp. 108-117, 2015.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MWC.2015.7143333]
[65]
H.Y. Lateef, A. Imran, and A. Abu-Dayya, A framework for classification of self-organising network conflicts and coordination algorithms2013 IEEE 24th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)., 2013, pp. 2898-2903.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2013.6666642]
[66]
O. Iacoboaiea, B. Sayrac, S.B. Jemaa, and P. Bianchi, SON conflict diagnosis in heterogeneous networks2015 IEEE 26th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)., 2015, pp. 1459-1463.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2015.7343528]
[67]
A. Kamimura, and K. Tomita, "A self-organizing network coordination framework enabling collision-free and congestion-less wireless sensor networks", J. Netw. Comput. Appl., vol. 93, pp. 228-244, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2017.06.002]
[68]
T. Daher, S.B. Jemaa, and L. Decreusefond, Q-Learning for Policy Based SON Management in wireless Access Networks2017 IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network and Service Management (IM), 2017, pp. 1091-1096.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/INM.2017.7987442]
[69]
I. Viering, M. Dottling, and A. Lobinger, "A mathematical perspective of self-optimizing wireless networks", In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2009, pp. 1-6
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2009.5198628]
[70]
P. Willemen, D. Laselva, Y. Wang, I. Kovács, R. Djapic, and I. Moerman, "SON for LTE-WLAN access network selection: design and performance", EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw., vol. 2016, p. 230, 2016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13638-016-0726-x]
[71]
S. Lohmüller, L.C. Schmelz, and S. Hahn, "Adaptive SON management using KPI measurements", In NOMS 2016-2016 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium., 2016, pp. 625-631
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/NOMS.2016.7502868]
[72]
Y. Ouyang, Z. Li, L. Su, W. Lu, and Z. Lin, "APP-SON: Application characteristics-driven SON to optimize 4G/5G network performance and quality of experience", In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data), 2017, pp. 1514-1523
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/BigData.2017.8258085]
[73]
M. Lamba, and M. Dagar, "Review on Self Organizing Networks (SON) in LTE-Advanced HetNets", Int. J. Sci. Eng. Technol. Res. (IJSETR), vol. 5, 2016.
[74]
S.B. Rejeb, N. Nasser, S. Mansour, and M. Boujlbane, "Centralized SON function for operator optimal strategies in heterogeneous networks", Comput. Netw., vol. 128, pp. 14-27, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2017.06.018]
[75]
A. Shahid, S. Aslam, S. Sohaib, H.S. Kim, and K-G. Lee, "A self-organized metaheuristic approach towards inter-cell interference management for LTE-Advanced", EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw., vol. 2014, p. 171, 2014.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1687-1499-2014-171]
[76]
B. Bojović, E. Meshkova, N. Baldo, J. Riihijärvi, and M. Petrova, "Machine learning-based dynamic frequency and bandwidth allocation in self-organized LTE dense small cell deployments", EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw., vol. 2016, p. 183, 2016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13638-016-0679-0]
[77]
W. Jiang, M. Strufe, and H.D. Schotten, "A SON decision-making framework for intelligent management in 5G mobile networks", In 2017 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC)., 2017, pp. 1158-1162
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CompComm.2017.8322725]
[78]
J. Moysen, and L. Giupponi, "From 4G to 5G: Self-organized network management meets machine learning", Comput. Commun., vol. 129, pp. 248-268, 2018.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2018.07.015]
[79]
"Framework for Self-Organized Network Management in Virtualized and Software Defined Networks", Selfnet, 2015.http://www.selfnet-5g.eu
[80]
A. Imran, A. Zoha, and A. Abu-Dayya, "Challenges in 5G: How to empower SON with big data for enabling 5G", IEEE Netw., vol. 28, pp. 27-33, 2014.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MNET.2014.6963801]
[81]
M. Marwangi, N. Fisal, S. Yusof, R.A. Rashid, A.S. Ghafar, and F.A. Saparudin, "Challenges and practical implementation of self-organizing networks in LTE/LTE-Advanced systems", In CIMU 2011: Proceedings of the 5th international Conference on Information Technology & Multimedia, 2011, pp. 1-5
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICIMU.2011.6122748]
[82]
M. Dottling, and I. Viering, "Challenges in mobile network operation: Towards self-optimizing networks", In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 2009, pp. 3609-3612
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2009.4960407]
[83]
F. Lehser, "Self organising LTE/SAE network: Operator require-ments and examples", In 20th workshop of the ITG group, 2006.
[84]
P-C. Lin, "Large-Scale and High-Dimensional Cell Outage Detection in 5G Self-Organizing Networks", In 2019 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA ASC), 2019, pp. 8-12
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/APSIPAASC47483.2019.9023348]
[85]
Z. Lin, Y. Ouyang, L. Su, W. Lu, and Z. Li, "A machine learning assisted method of coverage and capacity optimization (CCO) in 4G LTE self organizing networks (SON", In 2019 Wireless Telecommunications Symposium (WTS), 2019.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WTS.2019.8715538]
[86]
N. Bhushan, J. Li, D. Malladi, R. Gilmore, D. Brenner, and A. Damnjanovic, "Network densification: the dominant theme for wireless evolution into 5G", IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 52, pp. 82-89, 2014.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2014.6736747]
[87]
P.P. Hasselbach, Capacity optimization for self-organizing networks: Analysis and algorithms., Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität, 2012.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
19
2
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy