Abstract
Micturition, penile erection, contraction of prostatic smooth muscle, peristalsis of the male excurrent duct system and lumbosacral spinal cord neurotransmission all require adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) activity and this likely involves purinergic (P2) receptors. P2 receptors are categorized as either ligand-gated ionotropic P2X or metabotropic G-protein-coupled P2Y subtypes. In the urinary bladder, purinergic receptor mechanisms are involved in both motor and sensory function. In the prostate, P2X1-receptors, which mediate contraction, are present in the fibromuscular stroma while G protein-coupled P2Y purinoceptors have a wide range of actions in prostate cancer. In the excretory ducts of the testis (ductus epididymidis, vas deferens and its associated seminal vesicles), heavy immunostaining for P2X1 and P2X2 subtypes is detected in the membranes of smooth muscle, suggesting their role in sperm transport and ejaculation. In the penis, intense P2X1 and weak P2X2 immunoreactivity are observed in smooth muscle of blood vessels and the corpus cavernosum, implying their participation in detumescence. Human corporal cavernosum stimulation induces relaxation of P2Y purinoceptors. Targeting of extracellular or intracellular P2X and/or P2Y receptor signaling pathways holds promise in affecting the lower genitourinary tract system. Our advancing knowledge about purine agonists and their pharmacologic benefits in erectile, ejaculatory, urinary bladder and prostatic hyperplasia may service clinical problems in the near future.
Keywords: P2X and P2Y receptor subtypes, erectile dysfunction, benign prostatic hyperplasia, urinary bladder, prostate cancer, excurrent duct system
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Purinergic (P2) Receptor Control of Lower Genitourinary Tract Function and New Avenues for Drug Action: An Overview
Volume: 13 Issue: 31
Author(s): Serap Gur, Philip J. Kadowitz and Wayne J.G. Hellstrom
Affiliation:
Keywords: P2X and P2Y receptor subtypes, erectile dysfunction, benign prostatic hyperplasia, urinary bladder, prostate cancer, excurrent duct system
Abstract: Micturition, penile erection, contraction of prostatic smooth muscle, peristalsis of the male excurrent duct system and lumbosacral spinal cord neurotransmission all require adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) activity and this likely involves purinergic (P2) receptors. P2 receptors are categorized as either ligand-gated ionotropic P2X or metabotropic G-protein-coupled P2Y subtypes. In the urinary bladder, purinergic receptor mechanisms are involved in both motor and sensory function. In the prostate, P2X1-receptors, which mediate contraction, are present in the fibromuscular stroma while G protein-coupled P2Y purinoceptors have a wide range of actions in prostate cancer. In the excretory ducts of the testis (ductus epididymidis, vas deferens and its associated seminal vesicles), heavy immunostaining for P2X1 and P2X2 subtypes is detected in the membranes of smooth muscle, suggesting their role in sperm transport and ejaculation. In the penis, intense P2X1 and weak P2X2 immunoreactivity are observed in smooth muscle of blood vessels and the corpus cavernosum, implying their participation in detumescence. Human corporal cavernosum stimulation induces relaxation of P2Y purinoceptors. Targeting of extracellular or intracellular P2X and/or P2Y receptor signaling pathways holds promise in affecting the lower genitourinary tract system. Our advancing knowledge about purine agonists and their pharmacologic benefits in erectile, ejaculatory, urinary bladder and prostatic hyperplasia may service clinical problems in the near future.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Gur Serap, Kadowitz J. Philip and Hellstrom J.G. Wayne, Purinergic (P2) Receptor Control of Lower Genitourinary Tract Function and New Avenues for Drug Action: An Overview, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2007; 13 (31) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161207782341277
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161207782341277 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Exosome-like Nanoparticles: A New Type of Nanocarrier
Current Medicinal Chemistry Implications of Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) in Cancer: From Prognostic to Therapeutic Applications
Current Drug Targets In vivo Monitoring of Oxygen Levels in Human Brain Tumor Between Fractionated Radiotherapy Using Oxygen-enhanced MR Imaging
Current Medical Imaging The Role of Glioma Microenvironment in Immune Modulation: Potential Targets for Intervention
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Current Perspectives on Anti-Aging Interventions
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Therapeutic Targeting of the FKBP52 Co-Chaperone in Steroid Hormone Receptor-Regulated Physiology and Disease
Current Molecular Pharmacology Small Molecule Aurora Kinases Inhibitors
Current Medicinal Chemistry Cationic Lipids for Transfection
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Mechanisms of Anticancer Agents by Genistein and Synthetic Derivatives of Isoflavone
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Unravelling the Power of Omics for the Infertile Aging Male
Current Pharmaceutical Design Inhibition of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase as a Therapeutic Strategy against Cancer
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Molecular Modeling Based Synthesis and Evaluation of <i>In vitro</i> Anticancer Activity of Indolyl Chalcones
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry The Non-ABC Drug Transporter RLIP76 (RALBP-1) Plays a Major Role in the Mechanisms of Drug Resistance
Current Drug Metabolism Role of Gut Microbiota in Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets New Approaches to Target the Androgen Receptor and STAT3 for Prostate Cancer Treatments
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry COMMENTARY: Pre-emptive Nutrition: Refining the Targets of Drugs Targeted to Colorectal Cancer
Current Cancer Drug Targets Sildenafil Improves Vascular Endothelial Structure and Function in Renovascular Hypertension
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Inhibition of Early Biochemical Defects in Prodromal Huntington’s disease by Simultaneous Activation of Nrf2 and Elevation of Multiple Micronutrients
Current Aging Science β3-Adrenergic Receptors: Really Relevant Targets for Anti-Obesity Drugs?
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Central Nervous System Agents Give Boron a Chance: Boron Containing Compounds Reach Ionotropic and Metabotropic Transmembrane Receptors
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry